Their best-seller, the VX2 Pro, aims to be an ultra-reliable commuter scooter with power and range to show for. But how does it compare to heavy hitters like the NIU KQi3 Max and the iconic Ninebot Max G30P?

After months of testing, I'm ready to share my findings. In this data-driven review, I'll dive into head-to-head comparisons and my real-world experience riding the Vmax VX2 Pro.

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Vmax VX2 Pro GT

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$99900

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Performance Summary

At ERideHero, I put each electric scooter through a series of 30+ tests. Here's a quick overview of how the VX2 Pro faired.

Speed & Motor Performance

The VX2 Pro punches above most commuter scooters in motor performance. With an ERideHero-tested top speed of 23.9 MPH (38.5 KMH) and a 48V, 500W motor, it's powerful enough for hilly terrain and heavier riders.

Top Speed Test

At 175 lbs (80 kg), I was able to record a high-precision top speed of 23.9 MPH (38.5 KMH) on the Vmax VX2 Pro GT.

It's a notable step up from competitors like the NIU KQi3 Max and the Ninebot Max G2, which I clearly felt on the road. It feels more punchy and responsive without being overwhelming.

Acceleration Test

Through my acceleration tests, the VX2 Pro set an entirely new standard in its class. It's one of the first commuter-focused scooters under $1K to break through the 4-second barrier to 15 MPH.

The numbers don't lie. This electric scooter is both zippy and fun. It's more than 20% faster to 15 MPH than the Max G2 and the 48V setup delivers excellent performance retention until the battery cuts off. The same can't be said about the Max G2, which loses its zing halfway through the charge.

Hill Climbing Test

The Vmax VX2 Pro completed my usual 250ft (76 m) hill test with an average grade of 8% in just 11 seconds—once again, it tops the charts.

It looks like we have a new motor performance king in the commuter section. The Vmax VX2 Pro delivers a lot of power, making it ideal for demanding commutes with steep hills, heavy riders, or those who like to get from A to B faster.

It also ticks all the boxes for functionality and customization. Speed modes, speed limiting, brake strength, acceleration strength, kick-start, and cruise control—are all controlled via the companion app.

Range & Battery Performance

The Vmax VX2 Pro is available in three configurations: LT, ST, and GT. I tested the GT and got 39.6 miles (63.7 km) of real-world range, which is the longest I've ever measured in a scooter under $1K.

Battery Capacity Comparison

One thing I really like about Vmax's range of scooters is their variable battery capacity options. The VX2 Pro is available with 499 Wh (LT), 624 Wh (ST), and 768 Wh (GT). As a consumer, this is invaluable as you get to choose the version that best matches your needs.

The capacity-to-price ratio is obviously best on the GT, but you still get a lot of juice for your money with the ST and GT respectively.

Range Tests

Battery capacity is theoretical and does not always align with real-world range. To understand the Vmax VX2 Pro's range capabilities, I conducted three range tests at various speeds:

The numbers speak for themselves. The GT has the longest range I've ever tested in an electric scooter under $1K. The regular (#2) range test is what I consider to be the most comparable for real-world riding.

Usually, it's hard to tick all boxes, and often you have to choose between motor or battery performance - but the Vmax VX2 Pro GT breaks records on both fronts.

Range Comparison

The GT offers roughly 25% real-world range than the KQi3 Max and almost 30% more than the Ninebot Max G2. Actually, its closest competitor looks to be the VX2 Pro ST!

Range-wise, the GT is miles ahead (literally), and the ST and LT versions hold their own relative to their price, too. I'm extremely impressed, and honestly didn't expect such a clear dethroning of the KQi3 Max, but here we are.

Note: The range numbers for the ST and LT versions are estimates directly calculated based on my independent tests of the GT.

#1: Speed Priority

#2: Speed Priority

#3: Speed Priority

Range vs. Weight

Based on my regular range tests (#2) across models, the Vmax VX2 Pro GT yielded 0.87 miles/lb, which is the second-best weight-to-range ratio I've ever recorded, only surpassed by the NIU KQi Air.

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Ride Quality

The Vmax VX2 Pro is a comfortable ride with excellent design choices throughout, but the lack of suspension means it can't compete with the Ninebot Max G2 or KQi 300X on ride quality.

Tires & Suspension

The Vmax VX2 Pro has 10" x 2.7" tubeless tires that absorb small road vibrations well. However, as road quality deteriorates, so does the ride quality.

There's no suspension to deal with bigger bumps and unevennesses, so it doesn't quite match the comfort levels of the leading competitors with suspension.

Theoretically, you could ride at a slightly lower PSI to smoothen out the ride (I wouldn't go lower than 35 PSI), but it'll be at the expense of tire longevity and range.

Braking

The Vmax VX2 Pro features triple braking: two drum brakes and electronic regen braking. This is the ideal configuration for a commuter scooter.

Drum brakes are virtually maintenance-free and will likely last the lifetime of your scooter, and the electronic brake is really smooth. You can adjust the strength via the app, which is nice (I recommend 5 out of 10).

I measured a stopping distance of 12.2 feet (3.7 m) from 15 MPH. This is much better than the Fluid Horizon and only slightly behind the Max G2. The KQi3 Max has dual disc brakes (overkill if you ask me) and obviously wins on that front.

I consider anything below 15 feet safe and sub 14 feet good. In other words, the VX2 Pro has all the low-maintenance stopping power it needs to keep you safe and responsive on the road.

Deck

The deck measures 17.7" x 5.9" (45 cm x 15 cm), which isn't quite as spacious as I would've liked. It does help make it more manageable and compact, but larger riders will likely prefer a bit more width, as on the KQi3s (or 300s) or Ninebot G-series.

The scooter has 3.8" (9.7 cm) of ground clearance, which is the sweet spot for a non-suspension commuter. It gives the scooter a relatively low center of gravity, which improves stability and handling.

It's not a curb jumper, but you wouldn't get a non-suspension scooter for that in the first place.

Cockpit/Display

The 22.8" (57.9 cm) cockpit is one of my favorite design aspects of the VX2 Pro. It's beautiful, clean and functional.

No cramped components, easy access to tactile buttons, and a smooth, gradual thumb throttle with minimal latency. Oh, and these are probably the most comfortable grips I've tried.

The display has enough nits to be visible in bright sunlight, and I found the speed readings to be quite accurate (less than 5% off at top speed).

The deck-to-handlebar height is fixed at 39.3 inches (99.8 cm), which favors most riders, although riders over 6'6" may want to get something more oversized.

All in all, you can't fault the ride quality. It's as good as the Ninebot Max G30P or KQi3s, but it doesn't match suspension models for long trips. Still, Vmax has done almost everything right to make it as safe and steady as can be, and the result is great.

Portability

The VX2 Pro scores above average on portability. At 45.6 lbs (20.7 kg) and with an easy-to-use folding setup, it's very manageable, considering its power.

Weight

Weight-wise, the VX2 Pro sits right in the middle of the pack. It's a bit heavier than the G30P or Fluid Horizon, but it doesn't come close to the Max G2's weight. And trust me, as someone who carries my scooters up several flights of stairs daily, you can feel that difference when you're lugging these scooters around.

Folding & Carrying

The VX2 Pro nails the folding setup. It has an easy-release stem lever with a safety feature to prevent accidental unlocks, plus it latches at the rear fender. It's pretty much the textbook example of how you want a folding mechanism to work—easy to use without skimping on sturdiness or safety.

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Build Quality & Safety

Vmax's years of scooter design experience shine through in the VX2 Pro. They've dodged the usual pitfalls and created a scooter you can truly rely on. The VX2 Pro scores a rare 10/10 in my build quality and safety tests - something I don't give out lightly.

Safety

So, what makes the Vmax VX2 Pro safe?

First off, you've got reliable dual drum brakes and adjustable regen braking strength—more stopping power than you need.

The light setup is especially good, too. The 360-degree turn signals, side blinkers, brake light, and high-mounted headlight ensure you're always visible from a distance in traffic—even in low visibility settings.

Lastly, the 10-inch pneumatic tires provide a solid grip on wet roads. I've been caught in the rain a couple of times, and you barely feel a difference on the VX2 Pro. The tread disperses water well, and the tires are slightly wider than your average 10-inch model, which gives a larger contact patch with the road.

Build Quality

The Vmax VX2 Pro is made from aluminum alloy with a single weld (which is done well, by the way).

Then there's the folding mechanism. On some cheap models, it's a weak point. With the VX2 Pro, it feels incredibly sturdy and there's no play or flex in it whatsoever. I've stress-tested it extensively, and it's held up perfectly.

The fenders are large and well-built, with multiple frame contact points for extra strength. The kickstand is long and feels solid - not flimsy like on some models. It's positioned perfectly for the scooter's center of gravity. I've tested scooters that tip over on the slightest incline, but that's not a problem here.

The Vmax VX2 Pro doesn't mess around when it comes to water resistance. It's got an IPX6 rating, which basically means it can handle most of what Mother Nature throws at it. That said, I still try to avoid riding in the rain when I can - it's just good practice. But for those of us in rainy climates (I'm looking at you, 170+ days of rain per year in Denmark), it's nice to know your commute won't be derailed by a little drizzle.

The weather-proofing looks solid. I couldn't spot any obvious weak points or gaps around the deck or elsewhere. You can tell they've put this thing through its paces in testing - the whole build just feels well thought out.

The VX2 Pro's 24-month warranty is a testament to Vmax's confidence in their product. This sets it apart in an industry where 12-month warranties are the norm. It's refreshing to see Vmax prioritizing longevity and reliability in a market where too many brands push disposable designs that fail within months. For those prioritizing long-term performance, the VX2 Pro's warranty offers valuable peace of mind.

Smartphone App

The VX2 Pro is compatible with Vmax's smartphone app, which is available on Android and iOS. It's a fairly standard offering but easy to navigate. Key features include toggling cruise control and zero-start and customizing acceleration and brake strength.

While not the flashiest app on the market, it's easy to use and works pretty well. During my tests, I had no issues or connectivity problems. It may lack some advanced features seen in premium models, but it covers all the essentials most riders need to personalize their scooter experience. It also makes over-the-air firmware updates possible down the line, which is a big plus.

Verdict - Who Should Buy the Vmax VX2 Pro?

The Vmax VX2 Pro smashes ERideHero records for both motor performance and range. It's an ultra-capable commuter that excels in pretty much any situation you throw at it. If you're after top-notch performance and don't mind the lack of suspension, this is the scooter you should be eyeing. It's perfect for riders who want a powerhouse that can tackle diverse urban environments with ease.

The VX2 Pro's build quality is top-tier. It scored a rare 10/10 in my safety tests - kudos to that IPX6 rating, grippy tubeless tires, and the 360-degree turn signals. Vmax's 24-month warranty shows they're serious about longevity.

Just keep in mind: no suspension means it's not great for super rough roads. And at 45.6 lbs (20.7 kg), it's not exactly feather-light. But for city riders wanting speed, range, and solid performance without breaking the bank, the VX2 Pro is the scooter to beat.

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Punk Electric is a relatively new player in the electric scooter industry, but its flagship model, the Punk Rider Pro, is quickly becoming a household name.

The Punk Rider Pro looks like it would be more expensive than it is. It's got an impressive array of features (360-degree lights, turn signals, self-healing tires, and app control, to name a few), all integrated into a sleek, futuristic design that could have you fooled it'd be double the price.

This begs the question: Is the Punk Rider Pro too good to be true, or is it the new mid-range champion to beat?

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Performance Summary

At ERideHero, I put each electric scooter through a series of more than 30 tests to quantify and compare performance between models. Here are a few of the most important results:

Speed & Motor Performance

The Punk Rider Pro has 1200W of nominal power coming from its dual motors. In my tests, it hit a top speed of 31.5 MPH (50.7 KMH). The acceleration and hill climbing performance is also among the best at its price.

The Punk Rider Pro all has the essential motor features you want in a modern dual-motor scooter, including cruise control, zero-start, adjustable acceleration, and speed limiting—controllable via the app.

Top Speed Test

Weighing 175 lbs (80 kg), I clocked a top speed of 31.5 MPH (50.7 KMH) on a smooth, flat road. This is right around the advertised manufacturer-claimed top speed.

In comparison, it's ever so slightly behind the more expensive Apollo City Pro, but with a notably better $/MPH (meaning, you get more speed for your money with the Punk Rider Pro).

It doesn't peak as high as the Inokim OxO, but once again, it's much lower priced, leading to arguably the best speed-to-price ratio in its class.

Acceleration Tests

I benchmarked the acceleration from a standstill and noted the average and best results from 10+ runs.

Punk Rider Pro tests:

Comparison:

Once again, the Punk Rider Pro is among the best in its class. Its initial acceleration is a bit more forgiving than the Apollo City Pro and Splach Twin, but it beats them both to 20 MPH before flattening out above 25 MPH.

As someone who has ridden thousands of miles on electric scooters, I personally prefer the smooth acceleration curve of the Punk Rider Pro over abrupt take-offs. It just feels safer and more controlled. If you want to do wheel skids and burn rubber, the City Pro has a slight edge in that department.

Hill Climbing Test

So, how well does the Punk Rider Pro handle hills and inclines? I tested it on a 250 ft (76 m) incline with an average grade of 8%. The Punk Rider Pro really flexed its muscles by completing it in 7.28 seconds with an average speed of 23.4 MPH (37.7 KMH).

In comparison, it only loses out (slightly) to the more expensive Apollo City Pro. It even outperformed the more powerful Inokim Oxo, which showcases the Punk Rider Pro's efficiency and power delivery.

I put the Punk Rider Pro to the test on the steepest hill in my city, which peaks at a 17% grade, knowing it would be up for the challenge. Once again, it performed impressively, flying to the top without losing much speed. Punk Electric advertises a max climbing angle of 20 degrees (not percentage), and although I don't have such steep hills to test it on in the incredibly flat Denmark, I believe that claim holds true based on my experience.

This scooter is beyond capable on hills. If you're looking for something that easily climbs steep inclines, the Punk Rider Pro is where it's at.

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Range & Battery Performance

The Punk Rider Pro delivered of real-world range in my regular test. This is well above average, but not where the Punk Rider Pro sells itself.

This electric scooter is powered by a 52V, 18Ah battery with a total capacity of 936Wh. Unlike many electric scooters that use the industry-standard 18650 cells, the Punk Rider Pro uses 21700 cells, which are generally considered superior due to their higher energy density, so big props to Punk for fitting next-gen tech into such an affordable design.

The Punk Rider Pro comes with a standard 2A charger and takes about 10 hours to charge fully (9 hours in my case). It would be nice to see fast chargers available on their website in the future.

Range Tests

As with any electric scooter at ERideHero, I ran three range tests at different speeds to see how much mileage you can get out of the Punk Rider Pro. All range tests were conducted in dual-motor mode in the highest speed setting but holding different average speeds using cruise control.

• In the speed priority test, I got 20.7 miles (33.3 km).
• In the regular test, which is most comparable to real-world riding for most riders, I got 23.2 miles (37.3 km).
• In the range priority test, I got 28.6 miles (46 km).

Range Comparison

#1: Speed Priority

#2: Speed Priority

#3: Speed Priority

In comparison, the Punk Rider Pro delivers reasonable mileage for its price. It can't compete with OxO, which has a larger battery, but it's well ahead of the Varla Pegasus and only a hair behind the lighter Splach Twin (which isn't nearly as comfortable to ride).

Battery performance definitely isn't a weak point here. It's not where the Punk Rider Pro sets itself apart from the competition, but you still get ample range for your money's worth.

Range-to-Weight Ratio

My independent range test data across various models shows that the Punk Rider Pro is relatively heavy compared to its range. with a 0.34 miles/lb ratio, it isn't a range-first ride.

To some, the Punk Rider Pro's weight-to-range ratio matters; to others, it doesn't. However, I can confidently say that its extra weight is justified by its comfortable dimensions, sturdy build, and suspension.

Ride Quality

The Punk Rider Pro is surprisingly comfortable—especially considering how affordable it is. Its spacious deck and tall, wide handlebars make it a winner for medium and tall riders.

Tires & Suspension

This dual-motor electric scooter rides on Innova's 10" x 3" tubeless pneumatic tires. The tires come pre-sealed with an anti-puncture gel, which increases their durability and longevity. Less maintenance, more fun. They're mainly geared for urban use but have enough tread to grip hybrid roads confidently.

Based on my experience with various e-scooters and e-bikes with Innova tires, they seem to hold up great. At 45 PSI (tire pressure), they do a great job absorbing small vibrations from uneven roads. Like most of the e-scooter scene, I prefer the tubeless setup over tubed tires.

The Punk Rider has rubber suspension in the front and rear, which helps absorb larger bumps but doesn't quite match the performance of spring suspension.

While the rubber suspension improves ride quality and offers a more comfortable ride than many scooters without suspension, it has limited travel. It feels a bit stiff compared to spring suspension and overall less responsive.

This is one of the minor trade-offs that come with such a competitively-priced scooter. Still, with everything else it has going for it, the Punk Rider Pro is one of the most comfortable dual-motor scooters at its price.

Note: Early batch owners reported experiencing speed wobbles at high speeds. The issue has since been addressed by Punk Electric by adding a rubber sleeve to dampen and create friction between the steering column and the stem.

Braking

The Punk Rider Pro has two drum brakes and electronic regenerative braking.

Drum brakes have the benefit of being close to zero maintenance while still providing good stopping power—perfect for a scooter that tops around 30 MPH.

The electronic regen brakes integrate smoothly with the drums. While the regen is almost as refined as NIU and Segway's, the kick-in can sometimes be a bit too sensitive as it engages before the drum brakes.

The regen brake strength can be set via the app (0-9). I personally found 3 to be the sweet spot between comfort and strength.

Based on my tests, the braking distance could be better, but we're still within the safe range (everything under 15 ft is good). You have all the stopping power you need, but check if the brake cables need tightening upon arrival.

Deck

I'm absolutely in love with the aesthetics of the deck. It measures 18.3" x 7.9" (46.5 cm x 20.1 cm) and has an angled footrest at the rear, so there's plenty of space for riders of all sizes.

The rubber mats grip well and are much easier to maintain and clean than regular grip tape, but I found that the footrest mat would unglue. A few drops of super glue did the trick for me, though.

The Punk Rider Pro has a whopping 5.6" (14.2 cm) ground clearance. It effortlessly handles curbs, bumps, potholes, and any other road variations you may encounter on your ride.

Despite the high ground clearance, the center of gravity feels relatively low and grounded. Steering and balance aren't compromised; I always felt in control during the tests.

Cockpit

I'm a big fan of the handlebar setup/cockpit on the Punk Rider Pro. It's 25.2" (64 cm) wide across, and the deck-to-handlebar distance is 41.7" (106 cm). The sizable dimensions make this electric scooter a clear winner for tall riders who value more space.

I really like the swept-back handlebar design on the Punk Rider Pro. This design promotes a more natural and upright riding position, reducing strain on your back, shoulders, and wrists during longer rides.

The grips are ergonomic, and the buttons are tactile. The thumb throttle and regen brake response are smooth, gradual, and lag-free. The dead zone is minimal, which means more refined control without compromising safety.

The colored LED display is sleek and handles direct sunlight surprisingly well. There's a handy sun shield at the front, too. It won't do much if the sun is directly overhead, but at the right angle, it definitely helps. The shield can be a bit tricky to install, especially the spacers, but with a little patience and finesse, you'll get it aligned in no time.

I'd like to see Punk Electric lower the beeping sound volume whenever you interact with the buttons. Don't get me wrong—it's great for the electronic horn, which is loud and clear; they're a bit excessive when simply swapping modes or settings.

Lastly, the turn angle stops at around 45 degrees to protect the cables. I don't mind this at all., but if you often navigate really tight spaces that require a narrow turn radius, it's worth noting.

Portability

At 69 lbs (31.3 kg) and with sizable dimensions, the Punk Rider Pro isn't the most portable scooter on the block. The folding mechanism is great, but the folding hook could be better.

Weight & Dimensions

It's no secret that the Punk Rider Pro prioritizes comfort over portability. It may not be the most compact scooter on the market, but I believe the high weight is justified by its features, performance, and comfort.

When looking at the weights of similar scooters, the Splach Twin is the only real outlier: portability over comfort. In reality, it's still lighter than the OxO and about the same as the Varla Pegasus and Apollo City Pro.

It comes down to personal preference, as finding a scooter that checks every box is virtually impossible. But for most people shopping in this price and power range, I think comfort will be the top priority, and the Punk Rider Pro delivers on that front.

Folding & Carrying

The Punk Rider Pro's folding mechanism is rock-solid. To simulate wear and tear, I've put it through its paces by operating it 100 times, and it has held up perfectly.

It's a simple release lever mechanism with a safety pin on the side. It is super easy to operate and is an industry standard for a reason. There's no flex or give in the folding point, either.

The only issue I have with the folding setup is the rear hook that connects with the footrest. It can easily unhook, which is annoying when carrying the scooter around. It most typically happens when you set the scooter down and pick it up again, in which case you have to make sure it's aligned right.

Build Quality & Safety

The Punk Rider Pro is built to last, with a sturdy frame and components that punch above its price class. The overall build quality is noticeably better than most other scooters in the same price range, which often compromise on materials and construction to keep costs down.

Materials & Construction

The scooter's frame is mostly made from aluminum alloy, which is industry-standard. The dimensions are appropriate, and there are no overly clunky parts with unnecessary dead weight.

Everything feels well-constructed and sturdy. There are no obvious weak points, and the parts are zero-flex when riding. The stem is slanted at a good angle that promotes healthy riding posture and makes you feel in control.

Big props to Punk Electric—it's a beautiful scooter.

Fenders

The fenders are really rigid. They're made from thick plastic and are angled rather than rounded, which increases their strength.

They've got multiple contact points at each side of the tires, and from testing, I found they disperse water from the tires really well.

Kickstand

The Punk Rider Pro continues to impress on build quality when it comes to the kickstand. It's perfectly positioned to support the scooter's center of gravity and is anchored firmly in the deck with two 4mm stainless steel bolts.

I flipped it 500 times to simulate wear and tear, and it held up just fine. It didn't loosen or deteriorate in stability. The scooter stands perfectly fine on its own on slanted surfaces up to 10%.

Weather Resistance

One of the things that makes the Punk Rider Pro truly unique is its high weather resistance. It's got an IPX6 rating, which is incredibly rare at this price point.

From what I've read online and from my own tests in the rain, it handles water really well. I've tested it in medium-heavy rain on several occasions, and it has held up perfectly. There aren't any obvious gaps or weak points in the design, so that's a big plus.

Along with its suspension and large pneumatic tires, the Punk Rider Pro is a highly dependable rain commuter scooter.

Lights & Visibility

The visibility on the Punk Rider Pro is A+. There are accent lights on the sides of the deck and stem, a bright dual headlight that can be angled, and a sizable brake light along with reflectors. In other words, you're visible in traffic from any angle.

Safety is a key concern for Punk Electric which is why they've implemented turn signals. Turn signals are crucial for communicating your intentions to other road users, making the Punk Rider Pro a safer choice for navigating busy urban environments. It's another rare sight at this price point, so the Pro continues to deliver where a lot of the competition falls short.

The only point I want to bring up is that the accent lights aren't particularly visible in the daytime (they're somewhat faded by nature), but that's hardly a con since the competition doesn't have any.

Smartphone App

The Punk Rider Pro can be customized via a free app available on Android and iOS. It's not a proprietary app, but for me, that doesn't matter as long as it gets the job done. Punk Electric plans to bring their own app with further customization in the future, though.

The app functions pretty well. I had some trouble with Bluetooth connectivity on my first try, but a simple restart did the trick. The app has all the features and options I'm typically looking for:

• DIY performance settings (speed, acceleration, regen braking)
• Cruise control and zero/kick-start
• Lock and lights
• Ride statistics and a ride dashboard

I'm excited to see what the team ends up developing. For now, this app does everything I need personally.

Verdict - Who Should Buy the Punk Rider Pro?

The Punk Rider Pro is truly special. It's rare to see an electric scooter tick so many boxes at such an affordable price. The Punk Rider Pro stands out from the competition by offering a compelling blend of high-end features, impressive performance, and rider-centric design, all at a price point that won't break the bank.

With some of the best motor performance across the board at its price and a 23.2 miles (37.3 km) real-world range, the Punk Rider Pro is perfect for commuters and recreationists alike.

The spacious deck, sizable dimensions, and tall, swept-back handlebars make this an ideal choice for medium to tall riders. The anti-punture tubeless pneumatic tires and rubber suspension deliver a smooth ride, even on less-than-perfect roads.

The IPX6 water resistance rating and full suite of lights make the Punk Rider Pro an extremely reliable and safe choice for all-weather commuting. Whether you're navigating city streets, tackling hills, or riding in less-than-ideal weather conditions, the Punk Rider Pro has the performance and features to handle a wide range of scenarios.

Although the Punk Rider Pro may not be the most portable scooter on the market, its weight is a testament to its sturdy construction, reliable components, and commitment to rider comfort and safety. It was obvious to me from the get-go that this scooter was designed by riders.

For me, the Punk Rider Pro is easily the most versatile and capable dual-motor scooter at its price. Incredibly excited to see what's to come from Punk Electric!

Full Specifications

My Tests

Manufacturer Specs

Bringing Clarity to E-Scooter Regulations

The move brings much-needed clarity to South Australia's e-scooter regulations. While Adelaide, the state's capital city, has allowed rentable e-scooters through providers like Beam and Neuron since 2019, the use of personally owned devices has remained in a legal gray zone, frustrating many riders.

"It's going to be a huge relief to a lot of people that they won't be treated as criminals for choosing an environmentally friendly way to get around," said Justin Coppock, an Adelaide resident who spent three days in jail last year after police pulled him over for riding his electric unicycle on the road.

New Rules for Personal E-Scooters

Under the new rules, personal e-scooters will be treated similarly to bicycles. Riders will need to wear helmets and stick to speed limits - 25 km/h on roads and bike lanes, and 15 km/h on footpaths. The government said police will enforce the regulations and riders will be covered by personal insurance rather than a registration scheme.

Transport Minister Tom Koutsantonis expects to see an e-scooter boom once the law comes into effect, including among students riding to school. He said the rules can be adjusted based on real-world evidence, for example by raising the minimum age if younger riders prove more accident-prone.

Strong Public Support for Legalization

The legalization follows an extensive public consultation last year, where 87% of respondents supported allowing e-scooters in public spaces. The government said it will facilitate both personal use and expanded rental operations.

"Our consultation with e-scooter users and the broader community showed a clear appetite for an ongoing use of e-scooters and other personal mobility devices to be used in public spaces," said Koutsantonis. "Following commencement of the Bill, personal mobility device fleet hire operations are expected to continue and possibly expand to other locations across the state."

Infrastructure Improvements Needed

While the news has been cheered by the e-scooter community, some advocates say more needs to be done to upgrade infrastructure. Coppock, who dislocated his elbow riding over a tree root, said the state's bike lanes and footpaths need work to accommodate the expected influx of new riders safely.

"It's not just us – it's people in prams, in wheelchairs, in mobility scooters and other types of accessibility devices that need to use these paths and they are frankly in a shocking state in many council areas in Adelaide," he said.

The Road Ahead for E-Scooters in South Australia

For South Australia's e-scooter fans, 2025 can't come soon enough. As the technology improves and more people look for affordable, eco-friendly ways to get around, expect to see a lot more e-scooters zipping along the streets of Adelaide and beyond.

The state government's move to legalize personal e-scooters is a significant step forward for micro mobility in Australia. With clear regulations and, hopefully, improved infrastructure to follow, South Australia could become a model for other states looking to embrace the e-scooter revolution.

The KQi Air, NIU's latest electric kick scooter, is arguably the most innovative model in 2024. It sets itself apart by being “impossibly light” without compromising power, comfort, or safety, thanks to its body made from 70% carbon fiber and 30% magnesium.

Too many retailers and “brands” are still pushing outdated designs as flagship models, but NIU is among the few constantly innovating—and I’m all for it. The result? A design that is simply better than any other ultra-light scooter I’ve tested.

Performance Summary

NIU KQi Air

Avg: $1,030.68

$109900

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Speed & Motor Performance

The NIU KQi Air has solid motor performance. I achieved a tested top speed of 20.1 MPH (32.3 KMH) and managed to climb a 17% incline. In other words, this scooter is geared for challenging, hill-packed commutes.

The NIU KQi Air has a 350W rear hub motor with a peak output of 700W. Thanks to the 48V battery, the motor can draw more current than 36V competitors (cough… Segway), resulting in better overall motor performance and much better performance retention.

The NIU KQi Air’s motor performance feels similar to the NIU KQi3 Pro but is notably faster than the Ninebot Max G30P and TurboAnt X7 Max. While slightly behind the KQi3 Max and Ninebot Max G2 in terms of power, both those models are significantly heavier. The only ultra-portable scooter to beat it is the Fluid Mosquito (and some E-Twow models); however, they’re nowhere near as comfortable or stable to ride, in my opinion.

What is the top speed of the NIU KQi Air?

NIU advertises a 20 MPH top speed for the KQi Air. I put it to the test using high-precision performance logging gear. I clocked a maximum speed of 20.1 MPH (32.3 KMH) as a 175 lbs (80 kg) rider.

The KQi Air isn't the cheapest option for speed, but I'm actually impressed that it's still fairly competitive, given how much more expensive a carbon fiber build is. You're not getting a snail-pace scooter, but you're definitely paying a premium for a drop in overall weight.

When going full speed, I felt completely in control of the ride. It's stable, fun, and easy to carve the road with, and overall, it's much more confidence-inducing than solid-tire ultra-portables.

How fast does the NIU KQi Air accelerate?

I tested the acceleration of a wide range of electric scooters. The NIU KQi Air accelerates to 15 MPH in 4.99 seconds and 20 MPH in 13.1 seconds.

I found the acceleration response on the KQi Air is super smooth. It's got enough zing to accelerate on inclines and feels very capable in demanding urban environments.

Where I saw 36V options like the G30P and Max G2 from Segway lose some power very quickly into their charge, the NIU KQi Air kept performing until the battery was almost empty. Long live the 48V setup.

How does the NIU KQi Air handle hills?

I tested the KQi Air on a 250 ft (76 m) incline with an average grade of 8%. The NIU Air confidently reached the top in 21.6 seconds with an average speed of 7.9 MPH (12.7 KMH).

So, how does that stack up against the competition?

The KQi Air fairs well against other scooters in the 300W-350W range, but I've found that there's generally a big performance leap up to 450W-500W models on mild inclines.

Seeing that it's up for a more demanding challenge, I tested it on the steepest hill in Aalborg on Skovbakkevej, which peaks at 17%. The NIU KQi Air impressed me by making it to the top (albeit at a 4 MPH pace), which is more than can be said about the G30P and X7 Max.

Overall, I'm super impressed by the NIU KQi Air's motor performance. It's responsive, has excellent performance retention, and doesn't feel jumpy when accelerating. I felt a big difference in zippiness and "oomph" compared to 36V.

NIU KQi Air

Avg: $1,030.68

$109900

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Range & Battery Performance

The NIU KQi Air truly impressed me with 24.2 miles (38.9 km) range in my tests. It stands tall as the range king of ultraportable scooters—and it isn't even close.

Batteries are heavy, so I feared NIU would cut corners and drop the battery capacity on the KQi Air to make it light. But, to my surprise, NIU has managed to fit a 48V 451.2 Wh battery into the Air. Not only that, but they've also upgraded to new 21700 cells over the industry-standard 18650s. It's a newer technology with higher energy density, and I think we'll see the industry adapt to it in the coming years, but as usual, NIU is a step ahead of the curve.

Charging the KQi Air is decently fast. Using the bundled 2A charger with a 109.2 W output, it took me just 5 hours to fully charge the battery. In comparison: KQi3s charge at 108 W and TurboAnt X7 Max at 84 W. The Ninebot Max range is a bit faster at 121 W.

Battery Capacity Comparison

In the ultra-lightweight category, the NIU KQi Air's main competitor is the Fluid Mosquito, which boasts a similar battery capacity. However, I found the KQi Air much more comfortable and secure to ride than the Mosquito's narrow deck and solid tires. While the Mosquito has a slight motor power edge, the KQi Air's overall riding experience is superior.

Range Tests

Battery capacity is one thing, but factors like efficiency and scooter weight can greatly affect real-world range.

To understand how much range the NIU KQi Air truly delivers in the real world, I conducted three tests at varying speeds from a full charge. All tests were conducted in the fastest speed mode and with cruise control enabled.

As a 175 lbs (80 kg) rider, I achieved the following range results on the NIU KQi Air:

In the speed priority test, I went as fast as possible and got 18.5 miles on a single charge.

In the regular range test—the best comparison to a real-world ride—I scored a whopping 24.2 miles.

In the range priority test, I rode the Air conservatively at a low speed and got 27.3 miles (close to the manufacturer-specified 31 miles).

Range Comparison

I conducted the same range tests on various alternatives to see how the models compare.

#1: Speed Priority

#2: Regular

#3: Range Priority

The comparison speaks for itself. The NIU KQi Air goes the distance and beats most competitors apart from the models that have obviously bigger capacities.

What's most impressive to me is how much range you're getting at such a low weight. It comfortably beats the Mosquito, which I believe is due to the new battery technology and more efficient and refined components.

Range-to-Weight Ratio

The NIU KQi Air scores extremely high on range relative to its weight, offering 0.92 miles/lb. Actually, it's the best weight-to-range ratio I've ever tested!

If you want ample range in a featherweight, the Air is the way to go. Max G30P and G2 may go further, but the Air is less than half the weight of the latter!

Ride Quality

Lightweight scooters often compromise on ride quality, combining solid tires with a small deck and narrow handlebars. However, the NIU KQi Air breaks this mold, offering the most confidence-inducing ride I've ever tested in a featherweight.

Tires & Suspension

The NIU KQi Air boasts 9.5" x 2.3" tubeless tires.

I tested it in various scenarios: Smooth city streets, rough asphalt, and hardpacked trails. The tires do an excellent job of absorbing road vibrations and shocks. It's a much more comfortable ride compared to solid tire options that may give you a jarring "brain massage" (if you know, you know).

The NIU KQi Air is easily the most versatile electric scooter in its class when it comes to the variety of surfaces it can handle. During my testing, I found that it easily tackles rough asphalt, smooth trails, small potholes, and wet roads – conditions that would make riders of solid-tire scooters think twice about venturing out.

It's a bummer the KQi Air didn't get the same front-fork suspension overhaul we've seen on the KQi 300 series, but that'd almost surely increase its weight. I would love to see a future version with suspension for those extra demanding commutes, but I can confidently say you're well-served with a reliable year-round commuter for now.

Braking

While the dual disc brakes on the KQi3 Pro and Max provide ample stopping power, they always seemed excessive to me. When riding at speeds around 20 MPH, a single disc brake combined with electronic braking is more than sufficient – and this is exactly what the NIU KQi Air offers, striking a perfect balance between safety and practicality.

To determine the brakes' reliability, I conducted 10 test runs from 15 MPH to a standstill in dry conditions and measured a stopping distance of 12.4 ft (3.78 m). Tests were done with regen braking maxed out.

The NIU KQi Air's braking performance is impressive, especially considering the small disc/rotor size. It comfortably outperforms the Segway Ninebot Max G30P, TurboAnt X7 Max, and Fluid Mosquito. Generally, a braking distance below 14 ft is considered good, and under 13 ft is great.

The KQi Air's regenerative motor braking is exceptionally smooth and integrates seamlessly with the mechanical brake lever, regardless of whether it's set to the strongest or weakest setting. I felt no noticeable delay or jumpiness. NIU, Segway, and Apollo are some of the only brands that have nailed smooth regen braking, and the Air is no exception.

Overall, the KQi Air provides all the stopping power you need in a 20-mph electric scooter. It feels safe and responsive and is easy to dial to your strength preference via the app.

Deck

The NIU KQi Air's deck perfectly blends aesthetics and functionality. The carbon-fiber surface with the slogan "Make life electric" in the middle not only looks stunning but is also easy to maintain and keep clean.

There's grip tape strategically placed along the edges. It provides superior traction compared to the soft rubber alternatives found in most competitors. While grip tape may not be as easy to clean, NIU has struck an excellent balance by using it only in areas of the deck where it matters.

I've measured the usable deck space to be 18.5" x 7.5" (47 cm x 19.1 cm), which is by far the largest in an ultra-lightweight scooter. If I had to list my top 5 things that make a ride comfortable, the deck is definitely on there. There's enough width for riders of all sizes and you can easily change your footing to reduce strain on longer rides.

I also wanna highlight that the deck is concave. It's rare in electric scooters, but there's a reason it's a staple in the skating world. This small detail enhances maneuverability and control, so props to NIU for bringing it into the e-scooter world.

The KQi Air has 2.9" (7.4 cm) of ground clearance, which is fairly short but enough for small curbs. Tall curbs should be avoided (I scratched the deck's underside trying). The low clearance improves ride quality by lowering the center of gravity. This greatly enhances handling and stability, making turns incredibly smooth.

Cockpit

The NIU KQi Air's comfortable design continues with its 21.3" (54.1 cm) wide handlebars. Many lightweight scooters have narrow, sometimes foldable handlebars, but I love that the Air accommodates larger riders. Narrow handlebar models can feel sketchy around 20 MPH, but that isn't the case with the Air. You always feel safe and in control, partly thanks to the wide grip.

The deck-to-handlebar height of 39.8 inches (101 cm) is the sweet spot for accommodating a wide range of rider heights. It's perfect for riders between 5'3" (160 cm) and 6'7" (200 cm).

The KQi Air's cockpit is clean and minimalistic, with few visible cables and connections – a signature of NIU's design philosophy.

I find the soft, textured grips comfortable without being too thick. This is increasingly important when I ride with gloves in colder months, as thicker grips can strain my hands. The KQi Air's thin grips are perfect for year-round comfort.

The four-button controls for power, modes, turn signals, and the horn are satisfyingly tactile, but I would have preferred the icons to be in white for better visibility when you're still getting used to the scooter. I absolutely love that you can finally change ride modes by pressing the power button, which means you don't have to tediously pull out your phone to change it in the app anymore. The scooter can be turned on using either the NFC card or OkGo! Bluetooth connectivity.

This is NIU's first twist throttle, and I must say, I'm in love. Although thumb throttles are typically my preference, they can strain my finger on longer rides. The half-twist throttle eliminates this issue, making it ideal for extended use. It's also perfect for people with reduced finger dexterity due to injuries or conditions like arthritis.

I want to quickly mention the electronic horn because it's (scarily) loud and great. The first time I heard it, I was jumpscared as I was just pushing the scooter, and the alarm sounded (more on that later). The Segway Ninebot Max G2 received a lot of warranted criticism for its practically useless low-volume horn, but the KQi Air's horn will definitely be heard from across the street.

The display in the middle of the cockpit shows important ride information, but I found it hard to read in direct sunlight. Many brands have this issue, so it's the same with almost any same-priced competitor. Still, the overall look is super clean and intuitive. Sometimes, more is less, and it seems NIU's design team agrees with that.

Portability

The NIU KQi Air is in a lightweight league of its own. No other ultra-portable electric kick scooter rides as smoothly - that's the carbon fiber construction at work.

Weight & Dimensions

The NIU KQi Air weighs just 26.4 lbs (12 kg). It is practically unheard of. I've ridden my fair share of lightweight scooters, and most honestly suck to ride. You've got those narrow, foldable handlebars with too much play or dinky solid tires that can't handle anything but perfect roads (often both). But the KQi Air changes the game completely!

The KQi Air is a mind-blowing 51% lighter than the KQi3 Pro despite similar performance and less than half the weight of the Max G2! Oh boy, did I feel the difference hauling this thing around. The G2 is borderline clumsy to carry (albeit great to ride), but the Air is a breeze to throw into a trunk, through a crosswalk, or onto public transit.

I climb too many stairs to count every day and can already hear my future self thanking me for choosing a lighter, more practical commuter. Before I'd steer clear of lightweights due to subpar ride quality, weak motors, or range anxiety, but this scooter is just a breath of fresh "Air" (pun intended).

Now, some might argue that portability isn't just about weight – dimensions matter, too. With its sizable frame and wide, non-foldable handlebars, the KQi Air isn't quite as pocket-sized as the Fluid Mosquito or E-Twow models.

Folded, it measures 21.3 x 18.9 x 44.9 in (64.9 x 57.6 x 136.9 cm), and unfolded, it's 21.3 x 46.7 x 44.9 in (64.9 x 142.3 x 136.9 cm) – that's more than double the Mosquito's footprint. But it's a tradeoff I'm willing to make for a ride that's leagues smoother and more versatile.

Folding & Carrying

The NIU KQi Air's folding mechanism is top-notch. It's easy to operate, features a safety pin to prevent accidental release, and has no wiggle or play.

The KQi Air's rear fender latch feels like a step back from the KQi3 line, which I praised as the best-in-class in my KQi3 Pro and KQi3 Max reviews. Now, you need to bend down and push the mechanism back before connecting – an extra step compared to previous models.

I'm also worried about the excessive lubrication, which quickly attracts grime that could work its way into the latch point, potentially causing issues. I'm unsure why NIU changed this part – it was perfect before. It's not bad now, but it's a step in the wrong direction.

Carrying the KQi Air is an absolute breeze. Its lightweight build and even weight distribution make it feel like I could carry it for days if needed. This makes using an electric scooter for quick errands like hitting the shop or the gym far more practical for me.

NIU KQi Air

Avg: $1,030.68

$109900

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Build Quality & Safety

The NIU KQi Air electric scooter is a masterclass in design from start to finish. It's full of innovation and has aced my rigorous testing with flying colors.

Material & Construction

Most electric scooters are made from aluminum alloys and plastics, but the KQi Air is different. Its frame is 70% carbon fiber and 30% magnesium (in the neck and stem). The Air X takes it even further with a 100% carbon fiber frame.

So, what's the big deal with carbon fiber? In a nutshell, it's 3x stronger than aluminum alloy and a lot lighter. NIU claims the Air is 40% lighter than other scooters in its class.

So, why isn't everyone using carbon fiber? Two reasons: it's pricier and trickier to work with. The NIU KQi Air is a premium, one-of-a-kind design that sheds a ton of weight, but it comes at a cost. Sure, you can find cheaper 20 MPH scooters or ones with bigger batteries, but they'll be heavier, less comfy, or less durable.

Fenders

The Air has very sturdy fenders. It's great to see the rear fender with three contact points on the frame. In my book, that's a must for any scooter without a rear disc or drum brake that needs regular access.

Both fenders do an excellent job of keeping water away, so you don't end up with a wet deck or mud-splattered pants after riding in the rain.

Kickstand

The kickstand is another solid upgrade. It's a small part that often gets overlooked, but there's nothing worse than a scooter that topples over because of a poorly balanced kickstand.

The Air's kickstand is beefy, with a wide base and a large contact patch with the ground. This makes for much more stable parking. But keep in mind that with such a lightweight scooter, you should always be careful leaving it fully upright in strong winds, as it might just get blown over.

Folding Mechanism

The folding mechanism's structural integrity is top-notch. It's sturdy, doesn't flex, and has held up incredibly well to my 400 miles of demanding test riding. I've also folded it 200 times to see if it starts creaking, but it's still as smooth as it was on day one.

Apart from the rear folding latch, which is a step back in practicality compared to previous models, the folding mechanism is great. It's still much less awkward to fold than the off-centered stem folding on the Max G30P and Max G2.

Weather Resistance

The KQi Air boasts an IP55 weather resistance rating, the highest of any NIU model to date. I've been caught in light and moderate rainfall more times than I can count (thanks, Denmark), and I've had zero issues. Plus, the tires offer excellent traction on wet surfaces, which is a rarity among ultralight scooters.

But remember, electric scooter manufacturers don't cover water damage, so ride carefully and at your own risk. However, based on my own tests, everything I've read about it, and the official lab results, the KQi Air is built to handle most rainy days. Just don't forget to give it a good wipe-down afterward.

Lights & Visibility

The NIU KQi Air has an excellent light setup. I'm a huge fan of the "always on" system - here in Denmark, you're required to use lights 24/7, and I often forget during the day, so thanks, NIU!

The signature Halo headlight is very bright. I tested the visibility from 300 ft away and could easily spot it at night. It's high-mounted and can be angled down, which I find perfect. The taillight is also super bright and gets brighter when you engage the brakes, though I prefer it when they blink.

And now, something the community has been asking for - we finally have turn signals on a NIU scooter! You've got bright orange lights at the ends of the handlebar, and thanks to the impressive handlebar width, they're usually visible from any angle. That said, I wouldn't have minded scrapping the tail light for a two-light setup that would also indicate turns.

I've seen reports of the turn signals coming loose due to road vibrations, but I haven't experienced it on my unit. A simple fix is to add threadlocker (a cheap DIY solution), but it would've been great if NIU had taken care of this out of the box.

Finally, there's a cool new modular light on the stem. Using the app, you can set it to match power output, battery level, and more. It just looks really slick.

Without a doubt, this is the best light setup I've seen on a NIU scooter, and arguably the best in its class.

Smartphone App

The NIU KQi Air integrates seamlessly with NIU's free smartphone app (available on both Android and iOS). Some find the setup process tedious, but I don't mind. Over-the-air firmware updates are also a plus as NIU continually refines the ride.

Within the app, you have access to ride statistics, tutorials, and more. You also get a more accurate representation (in percentages from 0-100) of your remaining battery life and a mileage estimation, which is super helpful.

The app also offers a variety of customization options:

• Speed limiting
• Regenerative brake strength
• Push-to-start speed
• Cruise control
• Battery charge limit
• Acceleration strength
• Ambient lights and daytime running lights

Another feature I appreciate is the ability to track battery cycles. It's a good indicator of battery health and helps you make informed decisions about when to replace the battery.

However, I have one gripe and a feature request for the app. I find it really annoying that the motor-blocking theft alarm can't be turned off completely. You can only mute the horn, so I have to enable Bluetooth or turn the scooter on to move it around. It's really annoying when I want to throw it in the trunk, park it or take it inside a shop. I'm hoping NIU will allow us to disable it entirely in a future update, although anti-theft measures are welcomed (as long as you can control them yourself).

Verdict - Should You Buy the NIU KQi Air?

The NIU KQi Air gets my highest recommendation, as it achieves something no other scooter has: high performance and ride comfort in an ultralight and reliable design. Previously, you could only choose two out of three: performance, ride quality, or portability. But the KQi Air ticks all the boxes, making it the ultimate choice for riders who refuse to compromise.

If you don't mind paying a bit extra for a featherweight scooter you can easily carry around, the NIU KQi Air is a perfect choice. While there are alternatives offering more speed or range at this price point, they are either significantly heavier or much less comfortable to ride.

The KQi Air's unique combination of portability, performance, and ride quality makes it worth the investment for riders who prioritize convenience without compromising the overall ride.

NIU KQi Air

Avg: $1,030.68

$109900

Get Deal

Alternatives to consider:

• NIU KQi3 Pro
  • Pros: Similar performance and ride comfort, cheaper.
  • Cons: 51% heavier, no turn signals
• Fluid Mosquito
  • Pros: Slightly faster motor, equally lightweight, cheaper
  • Cons: Less range, much less comfortable to ride

Full Specifications

Our Tests

Manufacturer Specifications

Basics of Electric Scooter Throttles

What is a Throttle?

The throttle is the component that controls the speed of your electric scooter by regulating the amount of electrical power sent to the motors.

It acts as the interface between the rider's input and the scooter's acceleration, allowing the rider to manage the speed by adjusting the pressure or position of the throttle.

Your throttle isn't just about speed; it's also about having a smooth and safe ride. A good throttle is comfortable, latency-free, and easy to control.

Throttles come in four main types:

• Trigger (index finger)
• Thumb
• Full-Twist
• Half-Twist

Good & Bad Options In Each Type

Having rigorously tested over 100 electric scooters since 2019, I've encountered a broad spectrum of thumb throttles—some highly responsive, while others were laggy with a significant dead zone.

This principle applies to all throttle types. Regardless of your choice, there will be good and bad options.

Thorough research is crucial before making a purchase, instead of solely basing your decision on the throttle type. If possible, a test ride of the scooter is highly recommended before buying.

Different Types of Throttles

Electric scooter throttles come in various forms, each providing its own way for riders to control speed.

While they serve the same purpose, they operate differently. Their main thing in common is that they're placed on the right handlebar almost exclusively.

Let's get an overview of each throttle type.

1. Trigger (Index) Throttle

• How it works: You control the speed by pulling a trigger with your index finger.
• Common in: A wide range of scooters, especially performance-oriented models.
• Notable features: Often integrated with the scooter display (e.g., EY3, QS-S4)
• Ease Of Use: 4/5

Examples of trigger throttle scooters include Splach Twin, Varla Eagle One, and Kaabo Mantis V2.

2. Thumb Throttle

• How it works: You press down with your thumb to control speed.
• Common in: A wide range of scooters, especially entry-level models and newer performance models.
• Notable features: Considered the most intuitive, used in most fleet models, rarely integrated with the display.
• Ease Of Use: 5/5

Examples of thumb-throttle scooters include the NIU KQi2 Pro, Segway Ninebot Max G30P, and Apollo City Pro.

3. Full-Twist Throttle

• How it works: You twist the entire handle to control speed.
• Common in: Few models, but in various price classes
• Notable features: Low-profile design with fewer components, reminiscent of motorcycle throttles
• Ease Of Use: 3/5

Examples of full-twist throttle scooters include Emove Cruiser S, and Emove Touring.

4. Half-Twist Throttle

• How it works: You twist part of the handle to control speed.
• Common in: A few newer performance models.
• Notable features: It shares the low-profile nature of full-twist throttles but is easier to control.
• Ease Of Use: 4/5

Examples of half-twist throttle scooters include Segway GT1, Segway GT2, and Inmotion RS.

Which throttle type do scooter riders prefer?

In a recent poll, we asked our readers about their preferred throttle type for electric scooters.

With 542 participants chiming in, the preferences were distributed as follows:

• Thumb Throttle: 282 votes (52%)
• Trigger Throttle: 179 votes (33%)
• Half-Twist Throttle: 51 votes (9%)
• Full-Twist Throttle: 30 votes (6%)

The majority, over half, leaned towards thumb throttles. Trigger throttles were the choice for about a third. Roughly one in ten prefer half-twist throttles, while full-twist throttles are the least popular.

Trigger Throttles

Basic Operation

As the name suggests, this throttle operates like a trigger. It is operated by pulling a lever with your index finger (though some riders use their middle finger too). The more you pull, the faster the scooter goes.

Intuitive: Many riders are familiar with this mechanism, making it intuitive.

Adjustability: Often integrated with the display, the trigger throttle can almost always be angled to accommodate variable rider height.

Easy To Replace: As most brands use the same trigger throttle components, replacement parts are widely accessible. Typically, replacement is as simple as connecting/disconnecting a single 6-pin connector.

Control When Shaking: A fair share of riders have noted better control with trigger throttles over thumb throttles when navigating bumpy terrains.

Diminished Grip Strength: A 2014 study highlighted that the index finger holds more sway in grip strength than the thumb, contributing 22% instead of the thumb's 17%. This implies a less sturdy grip on the handlebar when using trigger throttles compared to thumb throttles.

Brake Obstruction: Trigger throttles tend to add more clutter on the handlebars, which can impede access to the right brake lever (if present), particularly for riders with smaller hands.

Finger Fatigue: Rider feedback suggests a higher degree of finger fatigue during extended use compared to the experiences with thumb and twist throttles.

Suitable Rider Profile

The trigger throttle is suitable for the majority of riders. Riders with normal to large hands may find it more comfortable over time, whereas riders with small hands may find it straining.

Position in the Market

For years, the trigger throttle was the most popular type. Its popularity can partially be attributed to its default integration in the popular EY3, and QS-S4 displays that have been used industry-wide by leading brands for years.

In recent years, we've seen a trend of brands designing all components in-house move away from trigger throttles, opting for thumb throttles instead. However, the trigger throttle remains an integral part of the market.

They are rarely seen on entry-level scooters, but many performance models utilize them.

Thumb Throttles

Basic Operation

This throttle type is operated by pressing down your thumb. It is typically found right next to the right handlebar. The more pressure you apply, the faster the scooter accelerates.

Optimal Grip Strength: Drawing from the previously mentioned study, utilizing a thumb throttle configuration enables riders to sustain the most secure and stable grip.

For All Sizes: Contrary to the potential challenges posed by trigger throttles for individuals with smaller hands, thumb throttles present a hand position that is both comfortable and ergonomically friendly for riders of all hand sizes.

No Brake Obstruction: Given the inward-facing orientation of the thumb throttle, it ensures no obstruction to the brake lever, facilitating smooth and unimpeded access to braking controls.

Accidental Acceleration: Some riders report struggling to keep their thumb steady when the road gets bumpy, leading to unintentional fluctuations in speed.

Less Refined Control: Some riders find it less precise in controlling speed than other throttle types.

Suitable Rider Profile

The thumb throttle is a versatile choice, accommodating riders of all hand sizes and particularly offering comfort for those with smaller hands.

E-scooter fleet services predominantly utilize thumb throttles for a reason - they provide a comfortable, intuitive, and cater to the masses.

Position in the Market

Historically, thumb throttles were predominantly featured on entry-level scooters and within fleet services.

However, in recent times, numerous high-performance brands that engage in in-house scooter design have adopted the thumb throttle design.

The trajectory suggests that thumb throttles are on a path to becoming the most popular choice as the industry continues to renew itself.

Full-Twist Throttles

Basic Operation

The full-twist thumb throttle operates similarly to a motorcycle throttle, where the rider twists the entire grip to control acceleration.

No Finger Strain: Full-twists promote a natural hand posture, preventing the individual finger strain that other throttle types can induce.

Strong Grip: With all your fingers encircling the handlebar, your grip is at optimal strength.

Good For Limited Motion: Full-twist throttles are good for riders with restricted finger dexterity due to injuries or conditions like arthritis.

Motorcycle-Friendly: If you come from a motorcycle background, you'll find this mechanism highly intuitive.

Less Clutter: The handlebar setup is less cluttered, with no external components involved.

Compromised Balance: You rely on your grip for balance on a stand-up scooter. Having to twist your entire wrist can compromise that.

Accidental Acceleration: Similarly, if you're jolted off balance and need to reposition, there's a chance you might inadvertently accelerate.

Difficult Braking: Operating a brake lever with your wrist in motion or a flexed position can be difficult.

Rare: This mechanism is rare and is often an after-sales addition to your ride. Replacement parts can be hard to find.

Wrist Strain: Although full-twist throttles are gentler on the fingers, they may lead to wrist strain during extended rides.

Suitable Rider Profile

Full-twist throttles suit riders familiar with motorcycle throttles and those with limited finger dexterity due to conditions like arthritis.

Position In The Market

Full-twist throttles are a rare find in the market. The Emove RoadRunner Pro is one of the few models that uses it. While catering to a niche audience, a handful of models like the Emove Cruiser S and Emove Touring offer it as an upgrade.

Half-Twist Throttles

Basic Operation

Half-twist throttles are operated by twisting a portion of the handlebar grip to control the scooter's acceleration.

Unlike the full-twist throttle, where the entire grip is twisted, the half-twist throttle involves turning only a section of the grip, balancing steady control and ergonomic comfort.

Strong Grip: Having all your fingers wrapped around the handlebar ensures maximal grip strength.

Less Wrist Strain: The lesser degree of twisting required can reduce wrist strain, resulting in better control and less fatigue over long rides.

Reduced Accidental Acceleration: The likelihood of unintended acceleration during rough rides or unforeseen conditions is minimized with half-twist throttles, as most of your hand is secured around a fixed grip.

Good For Limited Motion: With all fingers kept in a natural, relaxed position, half-twist throttles are ideal for riders who have a limited range of motion in their fingers.

Less Clutter: Being integrated directly into the handlebar, this throttle type cuts down on clutter and components that could interfere with each other.

Compromised Balance: Your grip is crucial for maintaining stability and balance. Moving and twisting your hand to accelerate can compromise balance, although this issue is less notable than with full-twist throttles.

Difficult Braking: It is difficult to control a brake lever and half-twist throttle simultaneously.

Rare: Although we see brands like Segway utilizing this mechanism, it is still rare in the market. Not many riders are familiar with it, and replacement parts can be hard to find and more expensive.

Suitable Rider Profile

Half-twist throttles are a viable choice for many riders, especially those facing challenges with finger dexterity.

They solve some of the safety issues associated with full-twist throttles without introducing new problems.

Motorcycle riders yearning for the twisting experience might find half-twist throttles to be the perfect practical middle ground.

Position in the Market

While rare in the industry, half-twist throttles are more prevalent than full-twist throttles.

In 2022, their adoption by Segway on the GT series hinted at a potential trend. This might signify a growing presence of half-twist throttles on performance scooters moving forward.

Which throttle type do you prefer? *

• Trigger (index) throttle
• Thumb throttle
• Half-twist throttle
• Full-twist throttle

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Throttle Issues & Troubleshooting

1. Unresponsive Throttle

There are several possible causes for an unresponsive throttle.

If the display of your electric scooter still turns on but shows an error code, always refer to the product manual or manufacturer's website for a quick diagnosis and troubleshooting steps related to that specific code.

However, if the display doesn't turn on or shows no error codes, here are some common issues that might be at play:

Loose/Damaged Connections

An internal cable connects the accelerator and the controller (occasionally via the display). If this connection becomes compromised, it may result in an unresponsive throttle.

To inspect and potentially resolve this issue on most scooter models, you'll typically need to:

1. Access the Internal Cable:
   • Unscrew and gently lift the cockpit or handlebar from the stem tube, ensuring you do so carefully to avoid causing any additional damage or disconnections.
2. Inspect the Connection:
   • Identify the cable that extends from the display and/or throttle, running towards the base of the stem tube.
   • Thoroughly inspect for any signs of disconnection or damage along this cable.
3. Address Disconnections:
   • If wires are disconnected yet appear to be in good condition, attempt to reconnect them.
4. Handle Damaged Wires:
   • If you observe wire damage, avoid attempting a DIY fix, especially if you're unfamiliar with electric scooter repair.
   • Contact your point of purchase or a professional technician for replacement parts or further assistance.

Battery Damage

If your battery is damaged, it is unlikely the scooter will turn on at all. It can be difficult to determine if the battery is the issue, but common indicators include:

1. Physical Inspection:
   • Examine the battery for visible damage, corrosion at the terminals, a blown fuse, or loose connections, which could disrupt power flow to the throttle.
2. Check Charging:
   • Charge your electric scooter. All chargers have a red/green indicator diode. If the diode is red, it means the scooter is actively charging. If it is green, it means charging is idle. If the scooter isn't fully charged, this could indicate an underlying issue with the battery pack.
3. Battery Health Check:
   • If you're technical, you may use a Volt meter/multimeter to check the battery's voltage. Does it match the charge level stated in the scooter manual?
4. Test With A Replacement Battery:
   • If you're lucky enough to have access to a replacement battery or another scooter of the same model, you may try swapping the battery to see if it solves the issue.

Water Damage

Both the display, throttle, and controller could be subject to water damage. It can be hard to determine which is the culprit without having fresh parts to test it against.

If the connections and battery checks didn't solve your issue, we recommend contacting you for professional help. Contact the place of purchase. They likely have plenty of spare parts that'll allow them to fix the issue.

2. Sticking or Hard to Move Throttle

If a throttle isn't operating smoothly, cleaning and lubrication can typically resolve the issue.

Start with cleaning:

1. Remove Dirt: Use a soft brush or compressed air to remove dirt or debris around the throttle.
2. Clean Internally: If comfortable doing so, disassemble the throttle and clean the internal components using a mild cleaner and a soft cloth.

If that doesn't fix the issue, you may try lubrication:

1. Apply Lubricant: Apply a tiny amount of silicone lube to the moving parts of the throttle. One drop at a time.
2. Ensure Smooth Movement: Press the throttle multiple times to allow the lubricant to distribute itself for optimal performance.

If lubrication doesn't work, check for any misaligned components. Otherwise, we recommend reaching out to the manufacturer for a replacement throttle.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Change the Throttle Type on An Electric Scooter?

In most cases, you can not change the throttle type on your electric scooter. Throttles are intricately linked with other hardware components, such as the controller and display, all of which are calibrated to operate harmoniously together.

Switching throttle types often means replacing the controller as well, introducing an additional layer of compatibility considerations with the battery and motor.

However, a few exceptions (e.g., the Emove Cruiser S and Touring) have easily replaceable after-market throttle upgrades.

Can I Customize the Sensitivity of A Throttle?

Some advanced scooters allow for throttle sensitivity adjustments, but it is rare on entry-level scooters. For scooters that allow this, it is typically done via a settings menu on the display or a Bluetooth app.

Refer to your scooter's manual or consult the manufacturer.

Is it Normal for My Thumb to Feel Fatigued with a Thumb Throttle?

Yes, experiencing thumb fatigue when using a thumb throttle on an electric scooter, especially for beginners, is quite common and generally considered normal.

When you're new to using an electric scooter, your thumb engages in repetitive motion and exerts consistent pressure that it may not be used to, which can lead to fatigue or soreness.

If your scooter has cruise control functionality, this can greatly relieve thumb fatigue during long commutes.

Can I Upgrade My Electric Scooter's Throttle for Better Performance?

No, you can not upgrade your electric scooter's throttle for better performance. The throttle merely interprets the rider's input and sends a signal to the controller(s). Performance is determined by the motor(s), battery, and controller(s).

Their bold move sparks skepticism in me and the e-scooter community as a whole. We're used to seeing major brands venture into e-mobility, like Red Bull's RBS #01, which carries a monstrous $6,500 price tag despite offering specs similar to $1,000 alternatives.

Whether it's a genuine attempt at diversifying their brand by branching into new territory or a convincing marketing ploy, we'll find out if the Acer Predator lives up to its hype in the coming months.

A Look at the Specs

The Predator Extreme PES017 boasts specs geared towards off-road use, featuring a 350W rear hub motor with a peak of 960W, allowing for a top speed of up to 32km/h and handling inclines up to 18%. Its 48V/10.5Ah battery (504Wh) promises up to 32km of range.

It comes equipped with 10" wide "crocodile" knobby tires, dual disc brakes, three speed modes, turn signals, and front and rear suspension, all underpinned by an IPX5 weather resistance rating.

Given the specs, the Predator Extreme PES017 feels underwhelming rather than extreme. The top speed and range are comparable to much cheaper models, and the 504Wh battery capacity is modest.

Based on my hands-on tests across dozens of e-scooters, I wouldn't expect more than 20-25 km per charge from this thing. It looks like the "Extreme" aspect is more about branding and less about performance, challenging the scooter's value against its premium price.

A Unique but Possibly Flawed Design

(Image credit: Acer)

The Acer Predator Extreme PES017's design definitely breaks the mold. It strays far from the conventional scooter blueprint, and I'm all for that, but within reason. Standing on side-by-side pads feels more novel than practical to me. The traditional "deck stance" is better for balance and shifting weight when accelerating and braking.

The dual front fork suspension looks nice, though. There's plenty of travel, and the rear spring isn't small, either. Combined with the beefy knobby tires, I'm sure this thing can take on an all-terrain challenge, but it seems more like a pocket dirt bike to me than a dependable commuting scooter.

Until we get to try the Predator firsthand, we'll give Acer the benefit of the doubt. It's an interesting design, but I'm full of skepticism. Still, I welcome new innovation that challenges the industry standard. This is how things evolve and improve.

The Acer Predator Extreme PES017 will be sold in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, starting at €1,299 (EUR) in Q2 of 2024. For more information, view the official page on Acer.

Through dozens of commutes on the Horizon, I've measured top speed, acceleration, hill climbing ability, real-world range, and braking performance.

In this comprehensive review, I'll not only detail its performance and durability but also put it into the context of the current market.

Performance Summary

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Speed & Motor Performance

The Fluid Horizon boasts excellent motor performance. With a tested top speed of 23.1 MPH (37.2 KMH), fast acceleration, and solid hill climbing, it offers some of the best value in its class.

The Horizon has a 500W rear hub motor with a peak output of 800W. Thanks to the 48V battery, it comfortably beats most 36V competitors across the board.

This electric scooter offers plenty of customization to its motor performance. Via settings, you can toggle between kick-start and zero-start and limit the top speed (0-100%). You can also enable/disable cruise control and dial the acceleration strength to your liking.

I am a big fan of high customizability in electric scooters - everyone prefers their ride in a specific way, and having the ability to "grow into" its performance before going full power is great. A lot of scooters at this price point have limited customizability, so that's a big win for the Horizon V2.

What is the Top Speed on the Fluid Horizon?

The Fluid Horizon has a specified top speed of 23 MPH (37 KMH), but in my tests, I clocked a top speed of 23.1 MPH (37.2 KMH).

Looking at the competition, the Horizon is notably faster than the Segway Max G30P and NIU KQi3 Pro despite carrying similar price tags. It is only superseded by the Fluid Mosquito, but its speed-to-price ratio is some of the best you'll find.

How Fast Does the Fluid Horizon Accelerate?

I tested the acceleration from zero to top speed and averaged the results from 10+ runs.

The Fluid Horizon averages 15 MPH in 4.82 seconds (best: 4.72 seconds) and 20 MPH in 8.92 seconds (best: 8.26 seconds).

In context, it beats the KQi3 Pro and Max G30P again but loses out by a hair to the Mosquito and NIU KQi3 Max. Still, acceleration is A-tier - some of the best at its price.

How Well Does the Fluid Horizon Handle Hill Climbing?

I tested the Fluid Horizon electric scooter on a 250 ft (76 m) hill with an average incline of 8%, which it completed in 11.4 seconds with an average speed of 15 MPH (24.1 KMH).

The 48V system really benefits the Horizon on hills. Again, it's ever-so-slightly behind the Mosquito but puts its 36V peers to shame.

Based on further testing on other hill grades, I've found that its maximum incline is around 20% (depending on several factors), while it starts to struggle above 15%.

Its hill performance is sufficient for versatile commuting in hilly areas and leaves a bit of headroom for heavier riders (>220 lbs).

Range & Battery Performance

With 23.1 miles (37.2 km) tested range per charge, the Fluid Horizon V2 (13Ah) delivers competitive battery performance for its price, standing strong in a crowded market.

What Is the Battery Capacity on the Fluid Horizon?

I tested the Fluid Horizon's 48V, 13Ah model, but for those on a tighter budget, the 10.4Ah version shaves off about $80 in price.

The Fluid Horizon (13Ah) has one of the highest battery capacities of any scooter in its price range. It has one of the best $/Wh ratios, too, meaning it is excellent value for the money. The 10.4Ah is slightly behind on battery value but remains competitive.

How Long Is the Range of the Fluid Horizon?

Battery capacity is one thing, but lots of hardware factors contribute to real-world range. To understand the Fluid Horizon's capabilities, I conducted three range tests at varying speeds and gauged the mileage.

In the speed priority test, I was able to cover 18.7 miles (30.1 km) before running dry. In the regular test - the most accurate real-world comparison point - I got 23.1 miles (37.2 km) on a charge. In my range priority test, the scooter managed 26.9 miles (43.3 km).

How Does the Fluid Horizon's Range Compare to Alternatives?

#1: Speed Priority

#2: Regular

#3: Range Priority

In range tests against its closest competitors, the Fluid Horizon V2 (13Ah) delivers slightly above-average mileage. It's outperformed by alternatives like the KQi3 Max and G30P, which offer longer distances but lack suspension. It's still comfortably ahead of both the Mosquito and KQi3 Pro.

Despite having the highest battery capacity among compared models, the Fluid Horizon slightly lags behind market leaders. Why? Given the proven reliability of its battery cells, the answer likely lies in a less efficient drivetrain.

It's still highly competitive on battery performance, but if range is your primary focus when picking the right electric scooter, there are better alternatives.

How Does the Fluid Horizon's Range Compare Relative to Its Weight?

How much range does the Fluid Horizon offer relative to its weight? Weighing 42 lbs and with a tested real-world range of 23.1 miles, the Fluid Horizon has a range-to-weight ratio of 0.55 miles/lb.

Holding it up against the competition, the Fluid Horizon is relatively heavy for its range. It is beaten by the Fluid Mosquito, KQi3 Max, and Segway G30P, but it edges out the KQi3 Pro.

How Long Does the Fluid Horizon Take to Charge?

The Fluid Horizon comes with a UL-certified 48V 2A charger. At 96W, it takes roughly 6 hours to charge the 13Ah version and 5 hours to charge the 10.4Ah version. This is a bit slower than the Segway and NIU scooters, but still manageable for me.

FluidFreeRide also has a fairly affordable 48V fast charger that runs 5A. If you're in a rush, it'll cut charge times in half.

fluid Horizon (13Ah)

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$82900

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Ride Quality

The Fluid Horizon is a comfortable ride. It's one of the cheapest full-suspension scooters but has small compromises due to its low-maintenance nature and foldability.

Tires & Suspension

The Horizon has an interesting tire setup that is rare, but I think it's a smart design choice. It sports an 8.5-inch pneumatic tire at the front and an 8-inch solid tire at the rear.

This tire setup captures the best of both worlds: the front pneumatic tire carries most of the load, improving shock absorption, handling, and traction where needed most. The solid rear tire reduces maintenance hassles.

Most flats happen on the rear tire, so it's a practical compromise that doesn't sacrifice a lot in comfort. I find the tires small for a 23.1 MPH scooter, but it feels much better to ride than the Mosquito and CityRider.

The Horizon is equipped with spring suspension both at the front and rear, making it one of the most affordable full-suspension scooters on the market.

Through my tests on more than 60 electric scooters, I've found that the quality of suspension setups varies greatly. I can confidently say that the front spring on the Horizon is great. There's plenty of smooth travel without sacrificing stability, and it helps tackle rough roads.

However, the rear suspension has its limitations. It bottoms out quite easily under loads above 200 lbs, which means heavier riders won't feel a notable benefit from the rear springs. That said, the majority of the scooter's handling occurs at the front, so the rear suspension doesn't significantly impact the overall ride quality.

All in all, it is a smart and unique tire and suspension setup that works wonders at improving ride quality while remaining fairly low maintenance.

How Effective Are the Brakes on the Fluid Horizon?

This electric scooter combines a rear drum brake and regenerative braking to achieve a measured stopping distance from 15 MPH in 15.9 ft (4.8 m).

For a scooter of its speed, the braking performance of the Fluid Horizon is not good. The electronic brake kicks in more abruptly than more refined Segway and NIU models, and changing its strength in the P-settings doesn't make a lot of difference.

Its stopping distance is more than 40% longer than the NIU KQi3s, which makes sense as they have dual disc brakes, but it's still 23% worse than the Ninebot Max G30P, which also has a drum + regen setup. There's clearly room for improvement, so I advise riders to stay alert and prepare ahead when going full speed on the Horizon.

Deck

The Fluid Horizon's deck measures 18" x 6.5" (45.7 cm x 16.5 cm), which I consider fairly small.

In comparison, the NIU KQi3 Max and Segway G30P both have wider and longer decks at 20" x 6.8" (50.8 cm x 17.3 cm) and 20" x 6.7" (50.8 cm x 17 cm), respectively.

The space is sufficient for average-sized riders, but larger riders may find foot placement challenging, leading to discomfort on longer rides.

The scooter has two rough grip tape strips to keep your feet in place. While it looks sleek, I had issues with the adhesive. They would come loose every once in a while before finally setting properly after about a week of riding.

The Horizon has 4.2" (10.7 cm) of ground clearance, which is fairly high. This makes it a breeze to ride down curbs, over potholes, or through uneven terrain without having to worry about scratching the housing under the deck.

The deck's rear has a convenient carrying handle that's great for portability. I also discovered it's perfect for placing my foot on to balance myself when braking.

Cockpit

The Fluid Horizon has a fairly vanilla handlebar setup that measures 23" (58.4 cm) across.

The wide handlebars conveniently fold for compact carrying, but as with any telescopic handlebars setup, they loosen from road vibrations as you're riding. It doesn't compromise safety, and retightening is quick and easy, but it's worth noting as fixed handlebars generally feel better.

There's a bit of cable clutter, and the mechanical bell struggles to find its place, but the grips are ergonomic and textured for grip and comfort.

The display does its job, but it's small, off the side, and lacks brightness in direct sunlight, making it hard to read. It displays important ride information such as speed, speed modes, battery level, odometer, and trip mileage. The display is somewhat in the way of the right handlebar folding mechanism, which is annoying when folding.

Like on most electric scooter displays, the default battery gauge isn't very accurate. For a more precise gauge, I recommend switching the display to show the battery voltage. Use the following chart as a battery percentage reference.

Lastly, the handlebar height is adjustable (from 27.5 to 39 inches), which is a feature I love. For riders like me, at 5'11" (180 cm) or above, you'll want its height fully extended. Shorter riders will be able to lower the height to ensure proper posture, which is something not a lot of electric scooters offer. That makes the Fluid Horizon a short-king winner in my books!

fluid Horizon (13Ah)

Avg: $811.89

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Portability

The Fluid Horizon scores high on portability. It folds into an extremely compact size, but the folding mechanism can be a headache to operate.

Weight & Dimensions

The Fluid Horizon weighs a mere 42 lbs (19.1 kg).

While it can't compete with the most lightweight models, it's a tad lighter than both of the KQi3s and about the same as the G30P.

What truly sets it apart from those scooters is its compact dimensions. It measures 42.5 x 46.8 x 23.2 in (129.5 x 142.6 x 70.7 cm) unfolded but a mere 38.6 x 14.6 x 7.1 in (117.7 x 44.5 x 21.6 cm) when folded.

Taking up less than 25% of the area footprint of the NIUs and Segway, the Horizon opens up a new world of possibilities. It easily fits into a small car trunk, and it can be stored in tight spaces or even brought on public transport without causing a nuisance.

Folding & Carrying

The stem folding mechanism on the isn't the best. It requires some practice to get the hang of and may require adjusting to ensure it isn't too hard to operate. However, once folded, the Fluid Horizon is highly compact and fairly easy to carry.

I am a big fan of the handle at the rear of the deck, which helps with carrying whether it is completely folded. With a more streamlined folding mechanism, the Horizon would be a portable world-beater.

Build Quality

Over the years, the Fluid Horizon has proven itself as a durable scooter with solid structural integrity. There is one big oversight in the design, though.

Construction & Materials

The Fluid Horizon is based on Unicool T8 from Titan. If it doesn't ring any bells, it's one of the most reputable scooter OEM distributors in the scooter world, with brands like Apollo, ZERO, VSETT, and Kugoo all carrying their products.

Some will call the design dated, but I prefer to call it proven. This design has been around for more than 4 years, and thanks to several iterations based on rider feedback, you're getting a proven scooter.

The scooter is largely made from aluminum alloy - a go-to material for its lightweight strength and corrosion resistance, and there are very limited reports in the community of any structural issues or weaknesses.

Fenders

The Fluid Horizon has large coverage from the thick plastic fenders. They effectively disperse water from the wheels so you don't end up with a wet back or water buildup on the deck.

The rear fender could do with an additional contact point with the scooter frame for improved strength, but in my tests, the fender stays clear from coming in contact with the tire no matter how rough you ride.

Folding Mechanism

I am not a big fan of the folding mechanism. While it's sturdy and doesn't flex, it's difficult to operate compared to the newer scooters we're seeing today.

Most importantly, there is no safety pin to hold the mechanism in place if you accidentally press the folding lever while riding. Although unlikely, most scooters have one or two layers of extra safety; the Horizon has none.

I can only recommend paying extra careful attention to the folding mechanism and double-checking that it's actually fully fixed before riding. If FluidFreeRide makes an updated version of the Horizon, a safety pin is a must.

Kickstand

The kickstand is positioned well for the scooter's weight distribution. Its length gives it the right lean level, so you don't have to worry about it tipping over on slightly slanted surfaces.

The kickstand does feel a little flimsy, but that's something I see in almost all electric scooters under $1,000, so it's a norm rather than an exception.

Weather Resistance

The Fluid Horizon has no official IP weather resistance rating. However, the display has a standalone IP66 rating, and based on FluidFreeRide's support cases, the Horizon is the scooter from their portfolio with the least water damage problems.

I've tested the Fluid Horizon in the rain on multiple occasions (light to medium), and it has held up well with no electronic damage. I found no obvious weak points in the design. Cable openings are insulated well, and metal connections are super tight.

Keep in mind that an IP rating is only a comparable guideline, not an insurance. Retailers and manufacturers do not cover water damage in their warranty, so riding in the rain is at your own expense.

Lights & Visibility

The light and visibility setup on the Fluid Horizon is not the best. With three small front-facing low-mounted headlights, it struggles to illuminate the road ahead, and a lack of side reflectors makes for low visibility.

There are two red deck lights at the rear, but depending on the angle you're viewing it from, they may be blocked by the rear tire. On a positive note, they're decently bright and blink when you're braking.

If you plan to do any low-light riding on the Horizon, I recommend getting an after-market headlight to mount on the handlebars and several reflective stickers for the sides.

Warranty

FluidFreeRide offers a solid 12-month warranty on the Horizon (and any of their other scooters). Fluid has service center partnerships around the US, and their support is happy to help even after the 12 months have expired.

As a nice bonus and commitment to serving their customers even after the 12 months expire, you can use their Lifetime Service Program. This gives you 50% off parts and labor for the lifetime of your scooter.

Who Should Buy the Fluid Horizon?

The Fluid Horizon is ideal for commuters who want a versatile ride for varying terrains and prioritize bang for your buck over new features and app control.

With a tested top speed of 23.1 MPH (37.2 KMH) and a real-world range of 23.1 miles (37.2 km), the Horizon is highly competitive in both price and performance.

The essence of the Fluid Horizon scooter is its proven no-frills design. While not flawless, it's practical, highly compact, and appeals to a broad range of users and needs, embodying the principle of "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."

fluid Horizon (13Ah)

Avg: $811.89

$82900

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Full Specifications

Our Tests

Manufacturer Specifications

Whether you're a seasoned rider or new to electric scooters, understanding how brakes work and how to use them properly is important to stay safe on the roads. In this guide, we delve into the various brake types available, from mechanical to electronic and hydraulic options, and talk about the pros and cons of each.

You'll also learn which factors impact braking performance, how to conduct brake maintenance, and how to inspect your brakes to see if anything needs to be replaced.

Hit the brakes and take a moment to relax - by the end of this guide, you'll be well-versed in the ins and outs of electric scooter brakes, ensuring a safer and smoother ride.

• Jump to:
• Brake Types
• Brake Position
• Factors Affecting Braking
• How To Brake Properly
• FAQ

Types of Electric Scooter Brakes

Electric scooters typically use three main types of brakes: mechanical, electronic, and hydraulic. Let's break down each type to understand their strengths and weaknesses and how they operate.

Mechanical Brakes

Drum Brake

Drum brakes are commonly used in both budget and commuter electric scooters due to their durability and low maintenance. They work by pressing brake shoes against the drum lining inside the wheel when you pull the brake lever, creating friction to slow the scooter.

Suitable for: Low to medium-speed scooters up to 20 MPH (or 30 MPH for dual drums), ideal for urban commuting, rain riding, and less frequent maintenance needs.

Mechanical (Cable-Actuated) Disc Brake

Mechanical disc brakes (cable-actuated) are the most common type seen in all price ranges, from budget electric scooters to high-end beasts, thanks to their reliability and strong stopping power. They're operated using a brake lever. When the brake lever is pulled, a cable tightens, moving the calipers to press the brake pads against the rotor, slowing the scooter.

They're different from the more premium hydraulic (or semi-hydraulic) disc brake options that use fluid to apply braking force.

Suitable for: A wide range of scooters, from entry-level to high-performance models up to 45 MPH, where powerful braking is essential.

Foot Brake

Foot brakes, or friction brakes, are less common but are mainly found on entry-level electric scooters. A foot brake is operated by stepping down on the rear fender, which creates friction between the fender and tire. Foot brakes are intuitive, but they're inconsistent and provide limited stopping power.

Suitable for: Low-speed scooters and as a secondary brake for minor speed adjustments and not full stops.

Electronic Brakes

Electronic brakes - also known as regenerative brakes or E-ABS - are an increasingly popular secondary brake system in electric scooters. It is often seamlessly integrated with disc or drum brakes, but some models have a separate trigger for it.

When electronic brakes are activated, it reverses the motor's function to act as a generator. It then converts the rotational kinetic energy from the already moving wheel into electrical energy, creating resistance that slows down the wheel. Most electronic brakes recapture the generated electricity and send it back to the battery to recharge it a bit.

Suitable for: Any electric scooter secondary to a mechanical braking system, provided it is properly implemented and not jolty.

Hydraulic Brakes

Fully-Hydraulic Brakes

Unlike mechanical disc brakes, which rely on a cable, fully hydraulic brakes use the force of pressurized fluid (brake oil, mineral oil) to activate the brakes. When you pull the lever, it pressurizes internal brake fluid to engage the calipers and brake pads. This results in more immediate and stronger braking that feels smoother and requires less lever force.

Suitable for: High-performance electric scooters, especially those designed for high speeds or off-road use. Ideal for riders seeking the best in safety and control and don't mind paying extra for it.

Semi-Hydraulic Brakes

Semi-hydraulic brakes are a blend of mechanical and hydraulic braking systems. They offer a middle ground in terms of performance and cost. Semi-hydraulic brakes use a mechanical cable with hydraulic calipers. When pulled, the cable activates the hydraulic mechanism in the calipers, which presses the brake pads against the disc (rotor).

Suitable for: Riders who want an upgrade from mechanical brakes but aren't ready for the complexity or cost of fully hydraulic systems.

Brake Position: Front, Rear, or Dual?

Electric scooters come with different braking options – front, rear, or both – each has its own advantages and ideal use cases.

• Jump to:
• Single vs. Dual
• Front vs. Rear

Single vs. Dual Brakes

Almost all electric scooters have at least one mechanical brake system, while more powerful models have two.

Single brake systems are typically found on single-motor electric scooters with top speeds under 25 MPH. With limited motor power, you don't need as much stopping force. Single brake systems often combine with an electronic brake to increase stopping power.

The main benefit of a single brake system is that it's cost-effective and requires less maintenance. There's no need to tame a 20 MPH scooter with dual-hydraulic disc brakes when a single mechanical disc and regen brake can do the job.

However, while single brake systems are practical, they should be limited to electric scooters under 25 MPH or with a single motor. Dual motor scooters accelerate notably faster, calling for more stopping power.

Dual brake systems are seen across the market (even in 20 MPH models like the KQi3 Pro), but they're mainly used on models that go faster than 25 MPH. The faster you're riding, the longer it takes to stop, so to allow for emergency stops, dual brakes are called for.

Dual brakes are often accompanied by electronic braking as well for increased strength and regen properties. They're much more performant than single brake setups but add weight and require more maintenance.

So, should I look for a scooter with single or dual brakes?

Single brake systems are suitable for casual, low-speed riding on single-motor scooters below 25 MPH. Dual brake systems are the go-to choice for enhanced safety and performance, especially in more demanding riding scenarios and on dual motor scooters above 25 MPH.

Front vs. Rear Brakes

Many low-powered electric scooters come with just one mechanical brake, usually on the wheel opposite the motor. So, scooters with a motor in the rear wheel often have a front brake, while those with a front-wheel motor have a rear brake.

Front brakes offer more stopping power than rear brakes as they are located ahead of the center of gravity. However, the superior braking force comes at the expense of control and smoothness. Front brakes need to be applied carefully to avoid tipping the scooter, especially in emergency situations.

Rear brakes offer smoother and more controlled slowing. They reduce the chance of skidding and throwing the rider over the handlebar but generally have a longer stopping distance. They are preferred in less aggressive stopping scenarios with gradual deceleration and are generally easier to use, but they don't deliver as much performance in emergencies.

So, should I look for a scooter with a front or rear brake?

If you're a beginner choosing a scooter with a top speed between 15-18 MPH, a single rear brake is sufficient. However, if you have experience operating e-scooter brakes and know how to shift your weight properly, front brakes are ideal for their increased stopping power. On scooters close to 25 MPH, a front brake is always preferred.

Which Factors Affect Braking Performance?

How effective your electric scooter brakes are depends on several key factors.

• Jump to:
• Rotors
• Tires
• Weather
• Weight & Load
• Speed

Rotor Size & Design

Exclusive to disc brakes, rotor size, and design play a crucial role in braking efficiency.

Rotor Size

Larger rotors provide better leverage, which results in stronger braking. Braking torque is directly proportional to the rotor's radius. As the radius increases, so does the torque, enhancing the scooter's ability to stop more quickly and efficiently.

Additionally, larger rotors offer better heat dissipation. During braking, friction generates heat, and larger rotors have more surface area to dissipate this heat, reducing the risk of brake fade. This is especially important in high-speed or downhill riding conditions where brakes are used more frequently and aggressively.

With a larger friction surface, large rotors wear out more slowly, leading to longer-lasting brakes. This means fewer replacements and less maintenance over time.

Rotor Design

Most disc brake rotors have slots or holes that enhance braking performance. First, it further helps to dissipate heat but also disperses water and dirt so it doesn't build up between the brake pads and rotor. It also gives the brakes a stronger bite during initial braking.

Some rotors may favor more hollow designs for their water dispersion, heat dissipation, and cut-in weight, while others may be more densely designed, favoring longevity.

Tires

Your tires arguably have the biggest effect on braking performance out of all the factors mentioned.

Tire Type

Pneumatic tires (when inflated properly) provide better braking performance than solid tires as they provide more traction and grip on the road, thanks to their flexible construction. The only thing that speaks in favor of solid tires is their practicality in being virtually maintenance-free until the tread is worn down.

Tire Tread

Tire tread directly affects how well your electric scooter grips the road. There are three tread categories in the electric scooter space.

• Street tread: Shallow and smooth tread patterns. They have less grip than hybrid and off-road tires but are smoother, less noisy, and have better longevity on dry urban roads.
• Hybrid tread: Hybrid tires strike a midground between street and off-road usage, balancing their strengths and weaknesses. Hybrid tires handle wet roads better and work well for hardpacked trails, light terrain, and poor city roads.
• Off-road tread: Has deeper, more pronounced tread for a strong grip on uneven surfaces. However, they typically wear faster, and their braking performance on smooth, dry pavement may be worse than street tires due to the larger and more spaced-out tread blocks.

The tire tread wears down with usage. At a certain point, this affects performance, resulting in poor grip and increased braking distance. It is crucial to keep an eye on tire health and change the tire when the tread starts disappearing.

The vast majority of electric scooters under $1,500 use street tires exclusively. We start to see hybrid options around $2,000 while pure off-road tires remain rare or "add-ons" for more niche scooters.

Tire Size

Larger and wider tires provide better grip and traction, thanks to their bigger contact surface with the road. With a stronger grip, the risk of hydroplaning is also decreased.

However, they're heavier and may not accelerate as fast as smaller tires. For safe braking in the rain, we recommend that you have 9" pneumatic tires at the very least (preferably 10").

Weather Conditions

Weather conditions can have a huge impact on how well electric scooter brakes work:

• Wet Conditions: Rain or damp surfaces lower tire grip, making it harder to stop quickly. Dirt, dust, and water may stick to the rotor and brake pads, causing uneven contact and premature wear.
• Cold Temperatures: Cold weather can harden tires and promote air leaks around the rim, reducing traction.
• Hot Conditions: Exceedingly high temperatures combined with strong continual braking may cause brake fade. Brake fade creates a film between the rotor and pads, which decreases friction and, in turn, increases stopping distances.
• Snow and Ice: These are the trickiest conditions, as snow and ice greatly reduce tire grip on the road and increase the risk of skidding. Gentle braking is key here to stay safe.

Scooter Weight & Load

Heavier scooters and loads need more stopping force due to increased momentum, resulting in longer stopping distances.

A lightweight scooter with a light rider stops faster than a heavy-loaded one despite having the same brakes. This difference is more noticeable at high speeds or when emergency braking, where stopping distances can increase by up to 30% in our tests.

So what does this mean for you? Well, if you plan to carry a lot of cargo or weigh more than 230 lbs, put an emphasis on stopping power in your buying decision.

Speed

The faster an electric scooter is going, the more braking force is needed to counteract your momentum. With longer braking distances, you need to start braking earlier. This is why high-speed scooters need dual brake systems to match their increased motor power.

As mentioned before, anything above 25 MPH or with two motors calls for a mechanical dual brake setup for emergency situations.

How to Brake Properly on Your Electric Scooter

Learning how to brake correctly is important for both your safety and the longevity of your scooter.

1. Adopt a Stable Stance:
   Position one foot behind the other, a full foot length apart if possible. This allows for better stability and weight shifting during braking.
2. Bend Your Knees:
   Slightly bending your knees improves control and lowers your center of gravity. This reduces the risk of tipping forward.
3. Apply the Brakes:
   - If you have dual brakes, use the 70/30 rule (apply 70% braking force to the front and 30% to the rear). This distribution compensates for the forward weight shift during braking, preventing the rear tire from lifting.
   
   - If you have a single front brake, try to brake early and gradually, as there is no rear brake to counteract the forward momentum.
   
   - If you have a single rear brake, also brake steadily and early. You don't want the tire to lock up or lose traction.
4. Shift Your Weight Backward:
   Lean back while braking to keep the rear wheel grounded and maintain traction.
5. Brake Gradually:
   Brake smoothly, especially downhill, for safer stops. Look ahead, anticipate braking points, and slow down accordingly.

Electric Scooter Brake Maintenance

Electric scooter brakes require occasional maintenance for optimal performance and safety. Here are a few easy tips to keep your scooter's brakes sharp.

Inspect the Scooter Before Every Ride

We highly recommend conducting a visual and physical brake inspection before every ride. If there are any signs of visible wear, it's time to replace the affected parts.

1. Check the brake pads to see if they have cracks or significant thinning.
2. Test the brake levers for responsiveness; they should feel firm, not spongy or loose.
3. Inspect the brake calipers for any visible misalignment.
4. Check if the rotor is warped or bent (disc brakes only).
5. Listen for any drag or rubbing between the rotor and brake pads, hinting at a misalignment (disc brakes only).

The most important thing is to test the brake's performance on every ride before blending into traffic. If something feels or sounds wrong, or if braking performance has significantly dropped, chances are there is an underlying issue that needs your attention.

How To Align Brake Pads

To align brake pads on an electric scooter disc brake:

1. Loosen the caliper bolt(s) until the caliper moves freely.
2. Squeeze the brake lever to press the pads against the rotor.
3. While holding the brake lever, tighten the caliper bolt(s) again.
4. Release the lever and spin the wheel to check for rubbing.
5. If rubbing persists, repeat the process or adjust the caliper's position until it spins freely without dragging.

How To Replace Brake Pads

It's time to replace your brake pads if you notice cracks, deep thinning, or uneven wear. If you notice a drop in performance that persists despite ruling out other possible causes, it is also time to change pads. The process depends on the caliper design on your brake.

Calipers with Retaining Pin

Many calipers use a simple retaining pin to hold the brake pads in place. These can be accessed by unbending the pin with pliers. To avoid putting unnecessary strain on the rotor, loosen the brake cable on the caliper first. You can now freely remove the pads, give them a thorough cleaning, or replace them.

Make sure to reinsert the retaining pin through the pad holes and secure it by bending the end again.

Calipers Requiring Removal

Other caliper designs may require a full removal to access and replace the pads. While this requires a bit more effort, it's a good excuse to give the entire caliper setup a thorough clean.

First, remove the bolt(s) that hold the caliper in place on the scooter's frame and/or fork/swingarm. Next, loosen the bolt that holds the brake cable and detach it completely so the caliper is no longer connected to the scooter. Remove the calipers and replace them with new ones. Optionally, give the caliper a deep cleaning.

How to Clean Electric Scooter Brakes

Regular cleaning will maintain optimal brake performance and extend the life of components. While it isn't as fun as riding, it may save you both time and money down the line. Here's how:

1. Safely place your scooter on a box or stand so you have easy access to the brakes and can spin the wheels freely.
2. Use a soft brush to gently remove dirt, dust, or debris from the caliper, rotor, brake pads, and the rest of the assembly.
3. For tougher grime, apply a brake cleaner spray or de-greaser. Avoid oil-based products as they may negatively impact braking performance.
4. After applying the cleaner, use a clean, dry cloth to wipe off the residue. If your scooter is properly protected against water, you may also add a bit of water to the brush as needed.
5. Let the brake components dry off thoroughly in a ventilated space before using the scooter.

Electric Scooter Brakes: Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Upgrade the Brakes on my Electric Scooter?

Depending on the brake type, you may or may not be able to upgrade them.

Disc and friction brakes can be replaced or upgraded with some DIY skill, as their parts are external. Ensure the new parts fit your scooter before moving forward.

Drum brakes are extremely difficult to replace. Most key components are inside the drum, so it often requires a complete wheel disassembly to access components. Drum brake upgrades are best left to professionals.

Electronic regen brakes are integrated into the motor and are often controlled by software. They are typically not upgradeable or replaceable.

Which Electric Scooter Brake Type is Best?

The ideal brake type for electric scooters depends on their specific use:

• Disc Brakes: Offer the most power but need more maintenance.
• Drum Brakes: Provide good stopping power with less upkeep.
• Electronic (Regenerative) Brakes: Great as an addition to mechanical brakes.
• Foot (Friction) Brakes: Suitable as a secondary, low-power brake option but not strong enough alone.

Each type has its advantages, catering to different needs and preferences in scooter braking.

Mechanical vs. Electronic Brakes - Which Are Best?

Mechanical brakes are more powerful and reliable than electronic brakes. They'll still work if the scooter's power cuts out, unlike electronic brakes.

Mechanical brakes are generally seen as the best primary system, but electronic brakes are good as a secondary system to increase stopping power and for energy recovery.

Is It Safe to Use Only the Electronic Brake on My Scooter?

No, relying solely on an electronic brake is not recommended. Some portable models use it alongside a friction brake, but electronic brakes alone lack sufficient stopping power. Also, if the scooter's power cuts out, the electronic brake won't work.

Why are My Disc Brakes Squeaking?

Disc brake noise is commonly caused by dirt, misaligned or worn pads, or a bent rotor. They may also squeak temporarily when wet, which doesn't necessarily indicate a problem, although it can diminish performance.

Start by cleaning your brakes and check if the pads are worn or misaligned. If that doesn't solve your issue, check to see if the rotor is bent.

In this guide, I dive into the nuances of different models and help you understand how to match a scooter's capabilities to your specific needs, ensuring you make a choice you'll be satisfied with for years to come. Let's ride!

• Jump to:
• Identify Your Needs
• Factors to Consider
• E-Scooter Categories
• Where to Buy

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Identify Your Needs

Purchasing the perfect electric scooter starts with understanding your specific needs. This section helps you evaluate key aspects to make an informed decision that aligns with your lifestyle.

Picking the right scooter takes time and requires research. However, a good place to start is to consider the following key factors:

1. How will you use it?
   • Commuting: If the scooter is for daily commutes, consider factors like distance to your workplace, terrain type (flat or hilly), and whether you need to carry it on public transport. Look for a scooter with a balance of range and portability.
   • Recreation: For leisurely rides or weekend adventures, focus on scooters with higher comfort and performance. Consider features like larger tires, better suspension, and longer range for enjoyable rides.
2. What is your budget?
   • Determine your spending limit as scooter prices range from $250 to $5000. Higher-priced scooters generally offer better performance, range, and durability, but there are reliable options in each price bracket.
3. How much range do you need?
   • Assess the typical distance you need to cover on a single charge. Remember that real-world range is often 50-70% of the manufacturer's stated range due to factors like riding style, weight, and terrain.
4. What terrain will you ride on?
   • If your commute or leisure rides include hilly or off-road terrain, opt for a scooter with higher motor power and shock absorption for a smoother ride.
5. Do you need portability or power?
   • If you need to carry your scooter frequently, prioritize lightweight and compact models over powerful dual-motor options. Features like a foldable design are essential for ease of transport.

Actionable Tips:

• If you're after a quality electric scooter but don't want to research, check out our list of the best electric scooters. We've done our homework, testing more than 80 models through 6,000+ miles.
• We also have specific guides for heavy riders, fastest models, kids' scooters, cheap picks, lightweight options, scooters with seats, and commuter-focused picks.
• Check our data-driven reviews based on the most advanced test process in the industry. You'll get unique insights into the most popular models on the market.
• We have plenty of reviews on our YouTube channel if you prefer a video format.

Factors to Consider When Buying an Electric Scooter

When selecting an electric scooter, it's important to weigh various factors such as cost, performance, and features to find the best fit for your needs.

• Jump to:
• Price
• Speed
• Hill Ability
• Range
• Portability
• Rider Weight
• Size
• Tires & Suspension
• Brakes
• Weather Resistance
• Warranty
• Laws
• Maintenance

Price

Price is a crucial factor when selecting an electric scooter. Electric scooter prices span widely from $250 to $5,000, so it is important to establish a budget that aligns with your needs without compromising on essential features.

Higher-priced models typically offer better performance, range, and durability. However, there are quality options at various price points.

If you need a nimble solution for a 10-mile commute, paying $2,000 is overkill. Conversely, if your commute consists of steep inclines, a $300 scooter won't get you over the hill.

If you have a locked budget, the search starts there. Determine what is most important to you, be it motor power, range, portability, or comfort. See if the best picks within your category and budget match your needs. If not, you may need to save up more or make compromises.

If you have a flexible budget, you have the privilege of deciding on features first and price later. Still, be mindful of overall good value, brand reputation, and user feedback. Our electric scooter reviews will go a long way in telling you if a model is worth its price or not.

Top Speed

Electric scooters have top speeds ranging from 12 to 60 MPH and are largely determined by motor power (measured in W).

For daily commuting, 15-20 MPH is usually adequate, given the challenges of urban traffic and legal restrictions in many areas. From experience, 20 MPH on an electric scooter feels much faster than 20 MPH in a car.

For occasional joyrides on a budget, 25-30 MPH will do the job. It's enough to be exciting without being outright scary. Entry-level dual motor options start at around $1,000.

If you want the pinnacle of performance, you'll have to splurge on a model like the Nami Burn-E 2 Max, which tops out at 60 MPH but carries a premium price tag.

Note: Safety is increasingly important the more speed you have. Check our guide to e-scooter helmets or essential safety tips to stay on top of best practices.

Hill Climbing Ability

An electric scooter's ability to conquer inclines is mainly determined by motor power (W), torque, and whether it has one or two motors.

The higher the motor power (W), the better hill performance you can generally expect. Torque is sadly rarely specified by manufacturers but also translates to better pull from a standstill. Lastly, dual-motor scooters are generally superior on hills (even at the same total W).

Low Hills (Gentle Slopes):

• Gradient: 0-5 degrees (0-8.7% grade)
• Motor Power Needed: 300W to 400W
• Electric scooters with motors in the range of 300 to 400 watts are generally sufficient for navigating low hills or gentle slopes. 300W scooters will start to struggle around 8%, while 400W leaves sufficient headroom for heavier-than-average riders.

Moderate Hills:

• Gradient: 6-10 degrees (10-17.6% grade)
• Motor Power Needed: 500W to 1000W
• Moderate hills require more motor power. 500W scooters should comfortably handle 6-degree inclines, while you may need up to 1000W of power for 10-degree slopes.

Steep Hills:

• Gradient: 10-15 degrees (17.6-26.8% grade)
• Motor Power Needed: 1000W to 2000W
• Steep hills are demanding. You'll typically need at least 1000W of motor power, preferably in a dual-motor setup.

Ultra Steep Hills:

• Gradient: Above 15 degrees (26.8% grade)
• Motor Power Needed: 2000W or more
• For ultra-steep hills, you'll need the pinnacle of motor performance. We're talking dual-motor options with at least 2000W, and the battery will be churned through at a rapid speed.

Range & Battery

Electric scooters offer between 5 and 90 miles of range. Mileage is mostly determined by battery capacity (measured in Wh), but secondary factors to motor power, scooter and rider weight, ride efficiency, tire pressure, and riding style can greatly impact range.

It is crucial to consider how much real-world range you need. Based on our experience, manufacturers overinflate maximum range numbers to sell more scooters. For the average rider, you can generally expect 50-70% of the advertised range.

If you'll be relying on an electric scooter for daily commuting, I recommend choosing a model with a bit more range and battery capacity than you think you'll need. This extra capacity acts as a safety buffer, ensuring you won't be left pushing your scooter for the last mile home - I've had my fair share of exhausting walks of shame during range tests.

Based on my real-world range tests as a 175 lbs rider of more than 80 models, you can expect to pay the following on range-focused models:

As you can see, between $400 and $1,000 is the sweet spot where you see the biggest increase in range relative to price. More expensive models tend to favor more advanced features, stronger motors, and better ride quality.

Portability & Weight

Portability and weight are key for those needing to carry their scooter regularly. Consider whether you'll be taking it on public transport, up stairs, or storing it in tight spaces.

Lightweight electric scooters are practical but sacrifice range, power, and comfort. Heavier models are typically more powerful and comfortable to ride, but they're difficult to carry and bring with you on the fly.

Consider if convenience or performance is most important to you, and look for a balance that suits your daily needs. You don't wanna carry 30 lbs of deadweight in a spec monster that never gets to shine. At the same time, if you have a 20-mile commute and the scooter only lasts 10 miles, practicality only goes so far.

The table below will give you an indication of the level of performance you can expect from certain scooter weights.

Rider Weight & Max Load

All electric scooters have a manufacturer-specified max load (or weight limit). While there are scooters designed for heavier riders, weight limits typically fall between 220 lbs and 330 lbs.

Exceeding the weight limit can negatively impact motor and battery performance, durability, and safety. It is important to ensure that the scooter you're eyeing is up for the task. The structural integrity of entry-level models typically isn't as good as that of high-end models.

Apart from the obvious safety issue with budget scooter frames not being designed to hold upwards of 300 lbs, rider weight greatly impacts speed and range.

The more load the scooter is under, the harder the motor has to work to propel you forward. As it draws more energy from the battery to achieve the same momentum, mileage will drop as well.

Most manufacturer-stated performance numbers - especially range - are based on light test riders in a perfect environment. If you're on the heavier end, consider buying yourself some headroom performance-wise to account for diminished performance.

Size & Dimensions

The dimensions and size of an electric scooter play a pivotal role in ride stability and comfort.

If you're a tall rider, you won't be as comfortable on a small, ultra-portable scooter. Big feet and a wide frame require wide handlebars and a spacious deck to ensure an ergonomic riding posture.

For short riders, behemoth high-end models may be too large to handle and may even strain the rider during longer rides.

A deck-to-handlebar height of 39.3 inches (100 cm) to 41.3" (105 cm) is the sweet spot that most scooters fall within. This height caters well to riders between 5'5" (165 cm) and 6'2" (188 cm) of height. Riders below or above should look for more niche-designed scooters to ensure proper posture.

Tires & Suspension

The tires and suspension system (if present) have a major impact on ride quality.

There are two main types of electric scooter tires:

• Pneumatic tires (air-filled)
• Solid tires

Pneumatic tires come in two variations: tubeless and tubed. Tubeless tires are most popular among riders as they hold air better and reduce weight. They're typically more expensive and harder to change, though.

Air tires are vastly superior in ride comfort as they provide better traction, absorb road vibrations, and handle better, particularly in the rain. However, they require more maintenance as you have to regularly check and maintain optimum air pressure and deal with possible punctures.

Solid tires are also found in two variations: solid core and honeycomb. While solid core tires are solid all the way through, honeycomb tires feature air pockets either inside or outside of the tire to mimic the bounce pneumatic tires offer.

The main benefit of solid tires is that they're cheap and virtually maintenance-free (at least until you wear down the tire tread). On the flip side, they offer little to no cushioning, which makes for a rough ride, and honeycomb tires, sadly, aren't anywhere near as comfortable as air tires.

Suspension systems help to improve ride comfort further by absorbing shocks. The most common types include spring, hydraulic, and rubber suspension. In some cases, the suspension system may be adjustable.

Hydraulic suspension is typically considered the best, but it's typically only found in high-end models, and even still, suspension quality may differ greatly between models despite using the same technology.

Electric scooters with solid tires and no suspension are extremely rough to ride as there is no way for vibrations to go. This results in what many riders describe as a "brain massage." Despite what your needs are, I recommend looking for a scooter with at least one type of shock absorption - whether that is pneumatic tires or suspension.

From personal experience, an air-tire scooter with no suspension feels a bit better and provides a more versatile riding experience than a solid tire scooter with suspension. If you have both, you're golden, but I prioritize pneumatic tires, as solid tires perform poorly on wet surfaces.

Brakes

Reliable braking is crucial for safety. There are four types of brakes:

• Disc brakes (mechanical and hydraulic)
• Drum brakes
• Electronic regenerative brakes
• Rear foot brake

Disc brakes offer the best stopping power but require the most maintenance. Hydraulic disc brakes are superior for high-end performance but are generally more expensive.

Drum brakes are the second most performant and require less maintenance than disc brakes. They're typically found on commuter models with limited power, but we're seeing the industry moving towards dual drum brakes on more performance-oriented models as the stopping power is still good.

Electronic regenerative brakes (or E-ABS) are a secondary type of brake system that works directly in the motor(s). It is typically not enough as a standalone but can work well in conjunction with disc or drum brakes to increase stopping power. Regen brakes feed kinetic energy back into the battery to increase range, but from my hands-on tests, the range boost is negligible at best.

Rear foot brakes involve stepping on the scooter's rear fender, creating friction against the wheel to slow down. They're rare, and for good reason. They're inconsistent, ineffective, and cause premature tire wear. I personally would stay away from using them whatsoever unless you need extra stopping power in an emergency situation.

For high-performance electric scooters, look for dual brake systems (preferably discs). This will deliver the best stopping response possible. Motor regen brakes are a welcome addition.

For electric scooters under 30 MPH, dual drum brakes are sufficient - especially if there's regenerative braking as well.

For electric scooters under 25 MPH, a single disc brake and regen braking are typically enough, and for 20 MPH scooters, a single disc or drum brake is adequate.

Weather Resistance (IP Rating)

Weather resistance is important, especially if you'll frequently be riding in the rain. Lucky for us, the industry widely uses IP (Ingress Protection) ratings to describe how weatherproofed their scooters are.

The first digit describes dust resistance (with 6 being the highest), and the second digit describes water resistance (with a maximum of 9, although you won't see anything above a 7 in electric scooters). The higher the numbers, the stronger the resistance.

For instance, an IP54 rating means the scooter is protected against limited dust ingress and splashing water. Resistance to water is generally more important for electric scooters than dust unless you're specifically doing heavy off-roading.

IP34, IP44, and IP54 are the bare minimum for light rain riding. If you're commuting in the rain often, look for IP55, IP65, or IP66, as it'll offer better protection in more demanding conditions.

Warranty & After-Sales Support

Electric scooters, despite their improving quality, usually last 2-4 years. Having a solid warranty from a reputable company is beneficial, especially for any manufacturing issues that may not arise right out of the box.

Most electric scooters are covered by a 1-year warranty. However, within the entry-level space, you'll find models with as little as 90 days of warranty. I recommend staying away from those - the short warranty period speaks volumes about the structural integrity of the product and a lack of belief in the brand's own product.

On the other end of the spectrum, manufacturers like NIU offer 2 years of warranty, and others (e.g., FluidFreeRide) combine a 1-year warranty with after-sales repairs at cost.

How do I choose an electric scooter with a good warranty?

1. Choose a model with at least 12 months of warranty if you're paying more than $500 for your electric scooter. Look for at least 6 months on cheaper models.
2. Check the manufacturer's reputation online. Look for reviews on Trustpilot, their Facebook page, or Google.
3. Carefully read the full warranty disclosure related to the model you're interested in. What parts are covered? Who pays for service/repair shipping?
4. Ask r/electricscooters and Facebook communities for firsthand experiences with retailers/manufacturers you're considering. More often than not, you'll quickly get a

Legal Considerations

Before buying an electric scooter, it's essential to understand your area's e-scooter laws to avoid potential legal issues. Imagine the frustration of having your new $2,000 scooter confiscated and receiving a fine shortly after purchasing it.

Laws can vary significantly by region, country, and even city, affecting where and how you can ride. Some areas/countries completely prohibit the use of electric scooters. Most regulations involve:

• Speed limits - Speed limits vary greatly by state in the U.S., but the average is approximately 18 MPH. In the EU, most countries reinforce 20 KMH or 25 KMH limits.
• Mandatory helmet use - Around 12 states in the United States enforce helmet requirements, often pertaining to riders under 18, but some for all ages. EU countries such as Spain and Denmark have also made helmets mandatory.
• Age restrictions - Many U.S. states have minimum ages, often 16 or 18, for riders without adult supervision. In the EU, some countries allow riders as young as 14, though often with specific limiting regulations.
• Designated riding areas - Riding on the sidewalk is prohibited in most places. An equal share of the EU and the US limit electric scooters to bike lanes and roads over pedestrian sidewalks.

Despite the fact that many electric scooter riders admittedly break the law, I strongly advise against it. Not only do you compromise your own safety and that of other road users, but you also run the risk of getting expensive fines and confiscations.

Maintenance

Maintenance is an inevitable part of owning an electric scooter, but some models require more upkeep than others. Generally, more moving parts mean more maintenance. Decide how much maintenance you're willing to do.

Pneumatic tires and disc brakes enhance ride comfort and safety but require significantly more care. Suspension systems will also require lubrication from time to time for optimal performance.

If you want a low-maintenance electric scooter, look for drum brakes. They require much less maintenance than disc brakes, which require you to deal with brake pads and rotors.

If you want a zero-maintenance scooter, look for drum brakes combined with solid tires, but be aware that the ride quality is much rougher, and they have less traction than air-filled tires. Remember, components requiring more maintenance often elevate the riding experience.

Electric Scooter Categories by Price

The age-old saying, "You get what you pay for," holds true with electric scooters. So, how far does your budget reach, and what performance level can you expect?

To help set expectations, we've sectioned the scooter market into price categories. Let's find out what your budget brings in terms of power, mileage, portability, and features.

• Jump to:
• <$500
• $500-$1,000
• $1,000-$1,500
• $1,500-$2,500
• $2,500+
• $7,500+

Entry-Level Scooters (<$500)

Entry-level scooters, priced between $200 and $500, are basic in features, typically with minimal customization and few settings.

These affordable options typically have a single motor with a power output of 200W to 400W. Most models have top speeds of 12-18 MPH, but a few get close to 20 MPH.

E-scooters in this price class typically offer 5-12 miles of range and have up to 365 Wh of battery capacity. However, if you're lucky enough to catch a good sale, you can get scooters with up to 18 miles of real-world range under $500.

These scooters are best for short, light commutes in flat, urban environments. They are good for beginners, those seeking a basic scooter for occasional use or for kids and teenagers. A benefit of their small motors and batteries is that they're practical and lightweight (typically 20-35 lbs).

Due to their limited motor performance, they're not ideal for hilly commutes or riders over 220 lbs, as the motor simply can't keep up. As they typically have relatively small tires (often solid), they are not ideal in poor road conditions or on wet roads.

I recommend the following entry-level electric scooters:

• NIU KQi2 Pro (great range)
• Hiboy S2 (Good motor performance)
• Atomi E20 (Comfortable to ride)
• Fluid CityRider (good overall performance)
• TurboAnt X7 Max (quick-swap battery)

Mid-Range Urban Commuter Scooters ($500 - $1,000)

If your budget lands between $500 and $1,000, you're looking at much more commuter-focused scooters with improved range and more features.

If you're looking for a reliable commuter scooter rather than a leisurely joyride, set your budget starting at around $500, or even $400 during sales, as your entry threshold.

This price range comes with notable upgrades in performance across the line. Most options are still single-motor but with 350W to 600W of nominal power. The increased power translates to top speeds of up to 25 MPH, stronger acceleration, and better hill climbing ability.

Mid-range commuter scooters often have larger batteries with between 365Wh and 600Wh of capacity, translating to 15-30 miles of real-world range.

They also come with enhanced features like suspension, larger tires, more comfortable decks, improved braking systems, and customization settings to dial in performance to your preference. Due to their stronger hardware, they're typically heavier than entry-level options (30-50 lbs), but there are ultra-portable exceptions.

This category balances performance with value, making it ideal for regular commuters seeking more performance than entry-level models offer. They're better geared for hills, heavier riders, and offer a more comfortable ride with increased range.

Still, if you live in areas with extreme hills or if you're over 250 lbs, you may want to look for dual-motor options in the $1,000 - $1,500 category.

I recommend the following mid-range electric scooters:

• NIU KQi3 Pro (Highly comfortable, 2-year warranty, great value)
• NIU KQI3 Max (Best in motor and hill performance, good warranty)
• Segway Ninebot Max G30P (Excellent build and lots of range)
• Segway Ninebot Max G2 (Most comfortable commuter I've tested)
• Fluid Mosquito (Incredibly powerful and strong motor performance)
• TurboAnt V8 (Nice dual-battery setup)

Advanced Commuter Scooters ($1,000 - $1,500)

In the $1,000 to $1,500 group, you'll find the most advanced commuting-first electric scooters. These models come with another notable increase in motor and battery performance, often with two motors instead of one. With an additional motor, they can conquer very steep hills and accelerate fast - even for heavy riders.

Advanced commuting scooters offer an extra level for the challenging terrain on long commutes that exceed city borders. With 1,000W to 2,000W of motor power, they can reach top speeds between 25-35 MPH.

Advanced commuter options have larger batteries that can travel further on a single charge. The capacity is usually between 800Wh and 1,200Wh. In my tests, they yield anywhere from 20-40 miles of range.

Almost all advanced commuter scooters have beefy suspension (in some cases hydraulic) which combined with sizable pneumatic tires, greatly improves shock absorption and overall ride quality.

With larger batteries, stronger motors, and a sturdier overall build, they're also notably heavier than sub-$1,000 models. Electric scooters in this category typically weigh 50-70 lbs.

This is the turning point in weight, where you want to carry the scooter as little as possible. If you have lots of stairs to climb daily or need to store it in a tight space, consider some of the portability-focused models within this category.

I recommend the following advanced commuter scooters:

• Splach Twin (Super compact and good value)
• Varla Pegasus (Low on maintenance and good brakes)
• Fluid Vista (Excellent hill climbing and acceleration)
• Arvala M10 - $50 off with code "ERIDEHERO" (Unbeatable performance value)

High-Performance Scooters ($1,500 - $2,500)

High-performance electric scooters transcend the commuting space with extreme speeds and/or incredibly long range. Scooters in this class are for thrill-seekers and adrenaline junkies who want more than just a convenient means of transportation.

Performance models are—almost without exception—geared with dual motors with 1,500W - 3,000W of power. They reach zipping top speeds up to 45 MPH, and their blazing acceleration and torque allow them to conquer the most demanding hills you can find.

Most high-end scooters deliver impressive range thanks to their sizable high-voltage batteries. With anywhere from 900Wh to 1,500Wh of capacity, they can travel 25-50 miles in the real world.

Above $1,500, electric scooters become luxury. Cutting-edge technology, premium materials, and thrilling performance become standard. These scooters aren't just about getting from A to B; they're an experience - an adventurous kick of adrenaline.

Riders can expect enhancements such as GPS tracking, mobile app connectivity, full customization of the acceleration and braking curve, electronic horns, 10" or 11" air tires, full suspension, and larger disc brakes. With max loads of up to 330 lbs and enough power to pull a trailer, these scooters are ideal for heavy riders in demanding terrain.

Once again, with more hardware comes added weight. High-end scooters typically weigh 60-85 lbs, so carrying them is almost a two-man job. Practicality is traded for power.

I recommend the following high-performance scooters:

• Apollo Phantom V3 (Premium design and ultra-smooth ride quality)
• Kaabo Mantis V2 (Best value in its class)
• Apollo City Pro (Stellar ride comfort, safety features, and app integration)
• Nami Klima (Fastest acceleration and top speed)

Premium Luxury Scooters ($2,500+)

Scooters priced at $2,500 and above fall into the luxury category, offering top-notch technology, advanced customization, and unmatched, adjustable comfort. Performance is exceptional, with no compromises on any aspect of design or functionality. They embrace the philosophy that more is indeed more.

Premium luxury scooters, with their racecar-like performance ranging from 2,000W to 10,000W motor output, reach staggering speeds of 40 to 70 MPH. These are not for the faint-hearted but designed for thrill-seekers craving the utmost in speed, acceleration, and hill-climbing prowess.

Battery-wise, these scooters boast advanced setups ranging from 1200Wh to 3000Wh, often utilizing the newer 21700 cells for higher energy density over traditional 18650 cells. This translates to a real-world range of 40 to 90 miles, ensuring extensive travel distances on a single charge.

Ride comfort in these models is unparalleled. They often feature ultra-sized, air-filled tires (up to 12 inches) and fully adjustable, often hydraulic, suspension setups that can be tuned to rider weight and preferences, including steering dampeners for high-speed stability.

The feature set on these scooters is extensive, including turn signals, customizable acceleration and brake curves, and robust lighting systems for safety and visibility. They're designed to offer a comprehensive, high-tech riding experience.

In terms of build quality, these scooters use the highest-grade aluminum alloy, often employing advanced welding techniques to endure extreme stresses. They're built to support riders up to 360 lbs. However, their robust build means they can weigh 70 lbs to 110 lbs, making them virtually impossible to carry alone or fit in a trunk.

These premium luxury scooters are the embodiment of extreme performance and unmatched quality, catering to those who seek the best in personal electric transportation.

• Nami Burn-E 2 Max (One of the fastest production scooters ever made)
• Segway GT2 (Possibly the smoothest ride I've ever tested)
• Apollo Pro (Award-winning design with state-of-the-art technology)
• Inmotion RS - $50 off with code "ERIDEHERO" (IPX6 makes this a winner for wet conditions)
• Wolf King GTR - $50 off with code "ERIDEHERO664" (Incredible for off-roading and performance value)

Boutique Scooters ($7,500+)

In the exclusive world of boutique electric scooters, priced over $7,500, performance and customization reach new heights. These aren't mass-produced but are individually crafted, with each scooter typically being a custom creation per the customer's specifications.

With motor outputs ranging from 5,000 to 20,000W, they boast top speeds of 60-100 MPH and ranges of 60-120 miles, supported by 2,500-5,000Wh batteries.

Weighing between 90 and 130 pounds and capable of supporting 330 to 380 pounds, these scooters are rarities, mainly seen in racing competitions or specialized events.

Brands like WEPED and Rion dominate this niche market, where exclusivity and performance are the hallmarks.

Where To Buy an Electric Scooter

Where's the best place to buy an electric scooter? It really depends on what you're looking for.

There are seven main ways to buy an electric scooter:

• General online retailers
• Specialized online retailers
• Physical PEV stores
• General physical stores
• Direct from brands
• Direct from China
• Second-hand markets

Let's explore the options and weigh the pros and cons of each to help you decide which buying route is right for you.

General Online Retailers

General online retailers like Amazon are a one-stop shop for everything you can think of, including a diverse range of electric scooters. They offer the convenience of shopping from home and have a wide selection of models from dozens of popular brands.

While online mega stores are convenient, they lack the firsthand expertise specialized retailers offer. In some cases, orders are fulfilled by 3rd party sellers, which can result in varying customer service quality.

Ideal for: Shoppers who value a broad selection and competitive pricing and are comfortable making decisions based on customer reviews and self-research.

Recommended General Online Retailers

• Amazon
• eBay
• Walmart
• Best Buy
• Target

Specialized Online Retailers

Specialized online retailers focus exclusively on electric scooters (or other electric rides) and related gear. The main benefit of going with a specialized retailer is their in-depth knowledge of electric scooters.

They typically carry a smaller selection of scooters, but this isn't necessarily a bad thing; every model they carry is carefully chosen based on reliability and reputation. If they were carrying unreliable products, they'd drown in repair jobs, effectively destroying their base of existence. In other words, they only carry proven brands.

Their expertise ensures that customers receive guidance and recommendations tailored to their specific needs and preferences.

Specialized retailers often establish direct relationships with manufacturers, which translates to better overall customer support, warranty services, and sometimes exclusive models or special editions. The selection might be narrower compared to general online retailers, but it's more refined and focused on quality.

Ideal for: Riders who seek expert advice, quality assurance, and a premium selection of electric scooters, especially those who value specialized knowledge and customer service:

Recommended Specialized Online Retailers

Physical PEV Stores

These shops, including some like VoroMotors and FluidFreeRide with physical locations, specialize exclusively in personal electric vehicles. They often offer a range of high-quality electric scooters, accessories, and parts, along with expert knowledge and service.

More often than not, they also act as a service center, so if you like to have technical wisdom and repair parts around the corner, you may want to go local.

Ideal for: Riders who want to test one or more scooters firsthand before making a purchase and a personalized shopping experience.

General Physical Stores

Several big box and department stores around the world carry electric scooters as part of a broader range of products.

While they're convenient and allow you to pick up your electric scooter already today, their focus is not solely on electric scooters. This means you won't get the same level of firsthand knowledge and service as with specialized stores.

Ideal for: First-time buyers, beginners, and those looking for a convenient purchase they can pick up today without the need for specialized guidance.

Direct from Brands

Purchasing directly from the brands themselves is an increasingly popular option. This way, you cut out the middleman, be it a general retailer like Amazon or a physical store like Walmart. The main benefit is that you're in direct contact with the brand behind the product, so questions and support queries don't have to go through a 3rd party.

Buying directly from brands also means that there isn't a 3rd party that needs to profit, resulting in competitive pricing. Buying directly from brands does have its limitations; the selection is typically small, and you risk getting a one-sided buying experience. Therefore, it is best to do external research on the product before going direct.

Ideal for: Buyers looking for a specific brand and want competitive pricing with a direct point of contact with no middleman.

Recommended Brands for Direct Purchase

Direct from China

Buying an electric scooter directly from Chinese platforms like AliExpress and Alibaba offers a unique set of opportunities and challenges. This route is appealing due to lower costs, but it is not for everyone.

Sourcing directly from Asia may be tempting, but ensure you have the technical know-how to handle maintenance yourself and the patience to wait for your scooter to arrive. You also want to double-check if any import fees/taxes apply.

Ideal for: Buyers who are looking to save money and have the patience to deal with longer shipping times and potential after-sales service issues. Only suitable for those comfortable with self-maintenance and/or who have easy access to spare parts locally.

Recommended Platforms

• AliExpress: Individual sellers with a wide range of models that aren't necessarily mainstream in the west. Access to all kinds of spare parts and addons.
• Alibaba: Mainly a B2B site with a focus on bulk purchases.

Second-Hand Markets

Buying electric scooters from second-hand markets like eBay, Craigslist, and Facebook Marketplace can offer significant savings. However, it's crucial to be cautious, as these markets sometimes have stolen scooters listed.

To avoid inadvertently buying a stolen scooter, you should:

1. Ask for proof of purchase or ownership documentation.
2. Check the scooter's serial number and verify it against theft databases or with local law enforcement if possible.
3. Is the scooter being sold without a charger? Chances are it may be stolen.
4. Be wary of deals that seem too good to be true, as they often are.

Buying a used electric scooter requires a bit of knowledge. It's important to inspec the scooter (ideally in person), ask about its history, and test it before finalizing the deal.

Ideal for: Those seeking bang for their buck who are comfortable in assessing a scooter's condition, and willing to do the extra legwork to ensure the scooter isn't stolen.

Could the Fluid Mosquito be your next electric scooter? Let's dive into a detailed analysis of my ride experiences and see how the data stacks up against popular competitors.

Performance Summary

I used a high-accuracy GPS device to record key performance metrics of the Mosquito, including top speed, acceleration, hill performance, real-world range, and braking efficiency. These are the results:

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Speed & Motor Performance

The Fluid Mosquito puts all other ultraportables to shame on motor performance. It's blazing fast, accelerates quickly, and climbs 15% inclines easily.

The Mosquito ticks all the boxes of performance-focused commuting scooters. It has a powerful 48V 500W motor, five riding modes, cruise control, and kick/zero-start.

Top Speed Test

With its 48V 500W front-driven hub motor, which peaks at 700W, FluidFreeRide advertises a top speed of 25 MPH (40.2 KMH).

In my tests, I reached a top speed of 25.6 MPH (41.2 KMH). This means the Mosquito stands tall as the world's fastest electric scooter under 30 lbs (and it isn't even close).

The Mosquito occupies a unique place in the market. In fact, it is so unique that I had trouble deciding which electric scooters to compare it to, as no competitors come even close on speed versus weight.

Not only does FluidFreeRide's top-speed claim hold, but it also comfortably beats the Fluid Horizon by 10% and the Turboant X7 Max by 27%.

Acceleration Test

In terms of acceleration, the Fluid Mosquito averages 15 MPH in just 4.36 seconds and 20 MPH in 8.44 seconds.

The NIU KQi3 Max gives it a run for its money to 15 MPH, but the Mosquito pulls away as you reach 20 MPH.

The results speak for themselves. At its weight, the Mosquito is lengths ahead of the competition. The only competitors that challenge it are notably heavier.

Most competitors run their motors at 36V, which doesn't compete with the Mosquito's 48V setup. It yields better acceleration and ensures performance stays high as the battery level decreases because the motor can draw more current.

In my opinion, the Fluid Mosquito is one of the best lightweight electric scooters for heavier riders, thanks to its motor performance (as long as you're within its weight capacity).

Hill Climb Test

Speed and acceleration are all aces, but how does the Fluid Mosquito handle hills?

I tested its climbing ability on a 250 ft (76 m) incline with an average grade of 8%—the incline peaks at 13% in its steepest areas. The test was completed in 10.9 seconds with an average speed of 15.6 MPH (25.2 KMH).

Once again, the Mosquito shows that it is the scooter to beat. It handles hills exceptionally well thanks to its powerful front-driven motor and featherweight build with zero deadweight.

It outperforms the Horizon by 4.5%, the KQi3 Max by 5.5%, and is more than double as quick to the top than the Turboant X7 Max, Atomi Alpha, and NIU KQi3 Pro.

If you live in a hilly area with steep inclines, you'll need more motor power than entry-level models offer. For those challenging uphill commutes, I find the Mosquito an S-tier pick.

fluid Mosquito

Avg: $875.32

$79900

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Range & Battery Performance

Despite batteries being heavy, the Mosquito scooter delivers a respectable 18.9-mile tested range thanks to its efficient battery.

Battery Capacity Comparison

The Fluid Mosquito electric scooter sports a deck-integrated 48V 9.6Ah battery with a total capacity of 461 Wh. I'm impressed Fluid has managed to cram so many battery cells into such a slim deck.

While the battery capacity is respectable, it doesn't match range-focused models like the Horizon and NIU KQi3 Max. The Mosquito is also the most expensive option relative to battery capacity by a large margin.

Range Tests

Although the Fluid Mosquito doesn't provide the highest battery capacity for its price, I expect it to have better battery efficiency thanks to its lower weight. Fluid advertises up to of range.

I tested the range of this electric scooter at three different speeds (all in Sport mode, however) to understand its mileage capabilities.

As expected, the Mosquito delivers decent real-world range thanks to its lightweight and efficient setup.

The second test is the most accurate real-world comparison point, so the Fluid Mosquito offers 18.9 miles (30.4 km) of tested range.

With 18.9 miles of real-world range, it's an excellent option for most city commutes on smooth roads, with or without hills. Thanks to its portability, it'll also excel in combination with public transport as a last-mile solution.

Range Comparison

The numbers look acceptable, but as noted earlier, the Mosquito is expensive relative to its battery size. So, how does it fare against its competitors in the real world?

#1: Speed Priority

#2: Regular

#3: Range Priority

Based on my real-world tests, the Fluid Mosquito ranks on the lower end in terms of range. While its lightweight design is advantageous, the more powerful motor consumes battery charge faster than its peers.

It comfortably beats the X7 Max and slightly edges out the Atomi Alpha on average, but both models are notably cheaper. However, it fails to match the cheaper Horizon and KQi3 Pro, and the similarly-priced KQi3 Max outperforms it heavily.

Range-Weight Ratio

One last positive for the Mosquito's battery performance! Based on the range test #2 results, it delivers 0.65 miles of range per pound of weight. This efficiency outperforms most alternatives and is only marginally outdone by the KQi3 Max.

Still, the Mosquito clearly prioritizes portable power over range. If your main priority is mileage, there are better alternatives. However, the Mosquito is my top choice for riders who highly value compactness.

Ride Quality

The Mosquito's ultimate lightness is a double-edged sword. I appreciate the dual suspension, but narrow dimensions and small, solid tires present challenges in ride quality.

Tires & Suspension

The FluidFreeRide Mosquito sports 8" x 2" solid electric scooter tires. While low maintenance, they make for a bumpy ride on less-than-ideal road surfaces.

The Mosquito has dual spring suspension to address this issue, notably improving ride comfort and confidence on bigger bumps. However, it doesn't quite match the fine-tuned road vibration reduction pneumatic tires offer. It isn't the smoothest suspension I have tried, but it has decent travel and bounces back evenly.

In my experience, the Mosquito was comfortable on smooth, paved roads but struggled with cobblestones and loose surfaces due to its small, non-pneumatic tires lacking bounce.

Braking

The Fluid Mosquito stays true to its low-maintenance nature by relying on a rear drum brake and electronic regen braking. The scooter also has a rear-fender friction brake, but I don't recommend using friction brakes as they're inconsistent and cause unnecessary wear on the tire.

A drum brake works well for a 500W electric scooter as it requires less maintenance than disc brakes while offering ample stopping power for its limited speed.

I found the E-ABS surprisingly smooth, and I love that it is operated separately from the drum brake. This allows you to make the most of energy recovery while diminishing the wear and tear a drum brake inevitably causes.

A nice feature is that you can dial in the strength of the electric brake in the scooter's P settings (from 0-5). I found level 3 to be a nice balance of strength and smoothness.

I tested the stopping distance from 15 MPH using the E-ABS (on the highest settings) and drum brake simultaneously. The brake distance was 15.1 ft (4.6 m).

At 15.1 ft, it beats numerous competitors, but considering it is also faster, I would've preferred a disc brake setup to push it below 13 ft.

Its stopping distance isn't bad at all, but you should stay particularly alert when riding at full speed.

Deck

Measuring 20.1" x 5.7" (51.1 cm x 14.5 cm), the Mosquito has one of the narrowest decks I've seen on an electric scooter (only surpassed by the Atomi E20).

While the length is adequate, large riders may need more width for comfortable foot placement. I'm a US size 10 (EU 43) and found the deck space sufficient, but size 12 and above will likely need more width.

The deck is covered with a textured silicone mat that provides a comfortable footing with plenty of grip. It is easy to clean and disperses water well.

Lastly, the Fluid Mosquito has a mere 3" (7.6 cm) of ground clearance. This minimal clearance contributes to a low center of gravity, enhancing handling and stability. However, caution is required when facing curbs and other obstacles to prevent scratching the deck's underside.

Cockpit & Handlebars

The Mosquito's dashboard is between the handlebars and features a colored display. This display provides key information like speed, battery level (indicated by both five bars and percentage), trip mileage, and a lifelong odometer. Additionally, it monitors the controller temperature for added safety, although overheating isn't a common issue with the Mosquito.

Four tactile buttons on the dashboard handle power, settings, lights, and a useful electronic horn. The horn is reasonably audible, sufficient to notify pedestrians and cyclists, but not enough to alert cars. Still, it is vastly superior to a mechanical bell.

I find the buttons on the Fluid Mosquito somewhat hard to reach, and a notable drawback is that you can't change speed modes while riding. This adds an inconvenient extra step, which is rare on electric scooters.

The color display is reasonably bright, but, like many electric scooters, it is challenging to read in direct sunlight. The screen and its visual elements are relatively small, which is not ideal for riders with poor vision.

Measuring just 15" (38.1 cm) across, the handlebars on the Mosquito contribute to its compact design. While this adds to its portability, I find wider handlebars more confidence-inspiring, as they offer better stability.

The foldable handlebars are a standout feature, reducing the width to a record-breaking 5.7 inches when folded. However, they introduce some unwanted play and wobbliness that can sometimes be felt when riding.

The grips are excellent. They're shaped ergonomically for a firm grip without being too large to the point where it strains your hands.

Also, the thumb and regen brake throttle are comfortable to use and have minimal input lag. A textured rubber surface would've been a welcome addition, nevertheless.

Lastly, the scooter features an adjustable handlebar height, ideal for riders of various heights. It measures 37 inches (94 cm) at its lowest and extends to 40.3 inches (102 cm) when fully raised. I recommend that riders above 5'9" (175 cm) use the extended height while those below use the lower height for optimal stability and posture.

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$79900

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Portability

The Mosquito delivers ultimate portability. At just 29 lbs (13.2 kg), this electric scooter is in a class of its own.

Weight & Dimensions

No electric scooter delivers as much power as the Mosquito at its weight. It is a whopping 13 lbs (37%) lighter than the Fluid Horizon and more than 17 lbs (45%) lighter than the NIU KQi3 Max.

I am thoroughly impressed at how much power Fluid has been able to fit into such a lightweight package. While compromises are made in ride quality, the scooter achieves its unique goal exceptionally well.

The Fluid Mosquito measures:

• Unfolded: 15 x 45.7 x 43.7 in (45.7 x 139.3 x 133.2 cm)
• Folded: 5.7 x 12.6 x 46 in (17.4 x 38.4 x 140.2 cm)

When folded, this is the smallest footprint I've measured on any scooter (maybe apart from the Unagi Model One). At a size of 1.912 cubic feet, you could literally fit 5 of these inside the space the NIU KQi3 Max takes up.

Folding & Carrying

The folding mechanism is an area for improvement. It is tricky to operate and feels a bit dated compared to the newer lever designs from Segway Ninebot, NIU, and Apollo.

First off, you have to get down low to pull the lever. At the same time, you need to stabilize the scooter and push the stem forward to release it from its locked position. Although the folding mechanism feels robust, it isn't on par with alternatives in terms of ease of operation.

On a positive note, the rear fender hook works great, and the included carrying handle, while not the most aesthetically pleasing, makes the Mosquito a breeze to carry.

Build Quality & Safety

In its quest for ultimate lightweight performance, the Mosquito strikes a balance with a reliable, if not flawless, build.

Materials & Weight Limit

The Mosquito is primarily made from aluminum alloy, the preferred material in the electric scooter industry. After careful examination, I found no obvious design flaws or weak points in terms of structural integrity.

Testament to its reliable design, the Mosquito has a maximum weight limit of . This is a really good max load for a scooter of this size. It has the motor power to handle heavier riders, but its narrow dimensions are a limiting factor for comfortably supporting larger riders.

Fenders

The plastic fenders are OK but not great. They disperse water well and are angled appropriately, but there's room for strength improvements.

The rear fender (which also functions as a friction brake) is surprisingly sturdy for having a single contact point with the frame, largely thanks to its thick design.

The front fender is notably thinner and flexes too much for my liking, considering that it closely hugs the tire. It doesn't drag against the tire, but the minimal clearance may pose an issue if the fender loses strength.

Folding Mechanism

The folding mechanism feels a bit dated and is tricky to operate, but from a safety standpoint, its structural integrity is great.

It's solidly built, showing no flex or play, and a safety pin on the side guarantees the scooter won't fold accidentally during use. I simulated wear by folding it 100 times to test its longevity, and the mechanism showed no signs of weakness.

If Fluid ever reworks the Mosquito, I hope they develop a more streamlined and easy-to-use folding setup.

Kickstand

The kickstand on the Mosquito does its job well. It is placed well for the scooter's weight distribution and has an ideal length for the overall design.

I found it easy to use on flat surfaces but struggled to balance it on inlines. It feels a bit flimsy, but that's an industry-wide issue that affects many models.

To see if the kickstand holds up over the long haul, I flipped it 500 times. The result: it performed just as well as initially.

Weather Resistance

The Fluid Mosquito sports an IPX5 weather resistance rating, above average for electric scooters.

While it isn't rated against dust ingress, the 5 refers to protection against water jets from any direction.

In the real world, the Fluid Mosquito can withstand light to medium rain for short periods (15-30 minutes). However, due to its small, solid tires, I advise against using the Fluid Mosquito in the rain or on wet surfaces. Instead, look for a pneumatic tire solution (preferably 9" or larger).

Lights & Visibility

The visibility setup on the Mosquito could be improved.

The high-mounted headlight is optimally positioned, pointing slightly downwards towards the road. However, it isn't bright enough to illuminate the road ahead in complete darkness. Also, the brake lever partially blocks the light.

The scooter's taillight is neatly integrated into the rear fender, offering a sleek, low-profile design. However, it's relatively small and lacks sufficient brightness. While its brightness increases when the brakes are engaged, I prefer a flashing feature to alert road users more effectively when slowing down.

Lastly, there are two reflectors at the rear tire, but its 360-degree visibility would be improved by adding reflectors at the front and on the stem.

Warranty & After-Sales Support

The Mosquito is sold and distributed by FluidFreeRide - one of the largest retailers in the electric scooter space.

They offer a standard 12-month warranty on the Mosquito and 50% off parts and labor once the warranty expires. This is an above-average warranty setup, but they're backed by service centers across the US, a vast self-service support library, and an extensive support team, which makes them a favorable choice.

Verdict - Who Should Buy the Fluid Mosquito?

The Fluid Mosquito is for riders who want the best power for an ultra-portable electric scooter.

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Avg: $875.32

$79900

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In terms of lightweight power, the Mosquito is in a league of its own. It weighs just 29 lbs (13.2 kg) but still manages a tested top speed of 25.6 MPH (41.2 KMH), which is practically unheard of.

It accelerates quickly and handles inclines exceptionally well. With 18.9 miles (30.4 km) of real-world range, it delivers respectable mileage for adventurous joyrides and longer commutes.

The scooter's feathery build adversely affects ride quality. The small solid tires fail to dampen vibrations, and while the spring suspension is decent, it doesn't fully offset the issue. Its ultra-narrow build aids portability and storage but compromises stability and handling, particularly for larger riders.

This scooter is great for smooth road conditions, but the ride comfort deteriorates with road quality. Although fairly water resistant, its tires make it a no-go for wet conditions.

If you want nimble power and don't mind sacrificing some comfort, the Fluid Mosquito is the one to beat.

• Want similar power with more comfort? - NIU KQi3 Max
• Want a cheaper, lightweight alternative? - Fluid CityRider
• Want more mileage at a lower cost? - Ninebot Max G30P

How To Adjust Settings

You can customize several settings on the FluidFreeRide Mosquito.

How To Change P-Settings

To enter the advanced configuration settings, follow these steps:

1. Turn on the scooter. Press and hold the electric brake lever.
2. Press the power button. The display will show P0.
3. Press the light and settings buttons to cycle through P settings.
4. Press the power button to enter a P setting. Adjust the value using the light and settings buttons.
5. Release the electric brake lever to save settings.

How To Change Speed Mode

To change between the five available speed modes, follow these steps:

1. Turn off the scooter. Press and hold the electric brake lever.
2. Turn on the scooter. The display will show "SET" and L1 to L5.
3. Press the settings button to switch between the different modes.
4. Release the brake lever to save.

The speed limits for each mode are:

• L1 = 5 MPH
• L2 = 10 MPH
• L3 = 16 MPH
• L4 = 24 MPH
• L5 = No limit

How To Switch Measurement System

The Mosquito uses the metric system by default, showing information in miles, MPH, and Fahrenheit.

If you want to switch to the imperial measurement system (km, KMH, Celcius), follow these steps:

1. Turn on the scooter. Press and hold the electric brake lever.
2. Press the settings button once and release the brake lever.

Full Specifications

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