Bringing Clarity to E-Scooter Regulations

The move brings much-needed clarity to South Australia's e-scooter regulations. While Adelaide, the state's capital city, has allowed rentable e-scooters through providers like Beam and Neuron since 2019, the use of personally owned devices has remained in a legal gray zone, frustrating many riders.

"It's going to be a huge relief to a lot of people that they won't be treated as criminals for choosing an environmentally friendly way to get around," said Justin Coppock, an Adelaide resident who spent three days in jail last year after police pulled him over for riding his electric unicycle on the road.

New Rules for Personal E-Scooters

Under the new rules, personal e-scooters will be treated similarly to bicycles. Riders will need to wear helmets and stick to speed limits - 25 km/h on roads and bike lanes, and 15 km/h on footpaths. The government said police will enforce the regulations and riders will be covered by personal insurance rather than a registration scheme.

Transport Minister Tom Koutsantonis expects to see an e-scooter boom once the law comes into effect, including among students riding to school. He said the rules can be adjusted based on real-world evidence, for example by raising the minimum age if younger riders prove more accident-prone.

Strong Public Support for Legalization

The legalization follows an extensive public consultation last year, where 87% of respondents supported allowing e-scooters in public spaces. The government said it will facilitate both personal use and expanded rental operations.

"Our consultation with e-scooter users and the broader community showed a clear appetite for an ongoing use of e-scooters and other personal mobility devices to be used in public spaces," said Koutsantonis. "Following commencement of the Bill, personal mobility device fleet hire operations are expected to continue and possibly expand to other locations across the state."

Infrastructure Improvements Needed

While the news has been cheered by the e-scooter community, some advocates say more needs to be done to upgrade infrastructure. Coppock, who dislocated his elbow riding over a tree root, said the state's bike lanes and footpaths need work to accommodate the expected influx of new riders safely.

"It's not just us – it's people in prams, in wheelchairs, in mobility scooters and other types of accessibility devices that need to use these paths and they are frankly in a shocking state in many council areas in Adelaide," he said.

The Road Ahead for E-Scooters in South Australia

For South Australia's e-scooter fans, 2025 can't come soon enough. As the technology improves and more people look for affordable, eco-friendly ways to get around, expect to see a lot more e-scooters zipping along the streets of Adelaide and beyond.

The state government's move to legalize personal e-scooters is a significant step forward for micro mobility in Australia. With clear regulations and, hopefully, improved infrastructure to follow, South Australia could become a model for other states looking to embrace the e-scooter revolution.

Basics of Electric Scooter Throttles

What is a Throttle?

The throttle is the component that controls the speed of your electric scooter by regulating the amount of electrical power sent to the motors.

It acts as the interface between the rider's input and the scooter's acceleration, allowing the rider to manage the speed by adjusting the pressure or position of the throttle.

Your throttle isn't just about speed; it's also about having a smooth and safe ride. A good throttle is comfortable, latency-free, and easy to control.

Throttles come in four main types:

• Trigger (index finger)
• Thumb
• Full-Twist
• Half-Twist

Good & Bad Options In Each Type

Having rigorously tested over 100 electric scooters since 2019, I've encountered a broad spectrum of thumb throttles—some highly responsive, while others were laggy with a significant dead zone.

This principle applies to all throttle types. Regardless of your choice, there will be good and bad options.

Thorough research is crucial before making a purchase, instead of solely basing your decision on the throttle type. If possible, a test ride of the scooter is highly recommended before buying.

Different Types of Throttles

Electric scooter throttles come in various forms, each providing its own way for riders to control speed.

While they serve the same purpose, they operate differently. Their main thing in common is that they're placed on the right handlebar almost exclusively.

Let's get an overview of each throttle type.

1. Trigger (Index) Throttle

• How it works: You control the speed by pulling a trigger with your index finger.
• Common in: A wide range of scooters, especially performance-oriented models.
• Notable features: Often integrated with the scooter display (e.g., EY3, QS-S4)
• Ease Of Use: 4/5

Examples of trigger throttle scooters include Splach Twin, Varla Eagle One, and Kaabo Mantis V2.

2. Thumb Throttle

• How it works: You press down with your thumb to control speed.
• Common in: A wide range of scooters, especially entry-level models and newer performance models.
• Notable features: Considered the most intuitive, used in most fleet models, rarely integrated with the display.
• Ease Of Use: 5/5

Examples of thumb-throttle scooters include the NIU KQi2 Pro, Segway Ninebot Max G30P, and Apollo City Pro.

3. Full-Twist Throttle

• How it works: You twist the entire handle to control speed.
• Common in: Few models, but in various price classes
• Notable features: Low-profile design with fewer components, reminiscent of motorcycle throttles
• Ease Of Use: 3/5

Examples of full-twist throttle scooters include Emove Cruiser S, and Emove Touring.

4. Half-Twist Throttle

• How it works: You twist part of the handle to control speed.
• Common in: A few newer performance models.
• Notable features: It shares the low-profile nature of full-twist throttles but is easier to control.
• Ease Of Use: 4/5

Examples of half-twist throttle scooters include Segway GT1, Segway GT2, and Inmotion RS.

Which throttle type do scooter riders prefer?

In a recent poll, we asked our readers about their preferred throttle type for electric scooters.

With 542 participants chiming in, the preferences were distributed as follows:

• Thumb Throttle: 282 votes (52%)
• Trigger Throttle: 179 votes (33%)
• Half-Twist Throttle: 51 votes (9%)
• Full-Twist Throttle: 30 votes (6%)

The majority, over half, leaned towards thumb throttles. Trigger throttles were the choice for about a third. Roughly one in ten prefer half-twist throttles, while full-twist throttles are the least popular.

Trigger Throttles

Basic Operation

As the name suggests, this throttle operates like a trigger. It is operated by pulling a lever with your index finger (though some riders use their middle finger too). The more you pull, the faster the scooter goes.

Intuitive: Many riders are familiar with this mechanism, making it intuitive.

Adjustability: Often integrated with the display, the trigger throttle can almost always be angled to accommodate variable rider height.

Easy To Replace: As most brands use the same trigger throttle components, replacement parts are widely accessible. Typically, replacement is as simple as connecting/disconnecting a single 6-pin connector.

Control When Shaking: A fair share of riders have noted better control with trigger throttles over thumb throttles when navigating bumpy terrains.

Diminished Grip Strength: A 2014 study highlighted that the index finger holds more sway in grip strength than the thumb, contributing 22% instead of the thumb's 17%. This implies a less sturdy grip on the handlebar when using trigger throttles compared to thumb throttles.

Brake Obstruction: Trigger throttles tend to add more clutter on the handlebars, which can impede access to the right brake lever (if present), particularly for riders with smaller hands.

Finger Fatigue: Rider feedback suggests a higher degree of finger fatigue during extended use compared to the experiences with thumb and twist throttles.

Suitable Rider Profile

The trigger throttle is suitable for the majority of riders. Riders with normal to large hands may find it more comfortable over time, whereas riders with small hands may find it straining.

Position in the Market

For years, the trigger throttle was the most popular type. Its popularity can partially be attributed to its default integration in the popular EY3, and QS-S4 displays that have been used industry-wide by leading brands for years.

In recent years, we've seen a trend of brands designing all components in-house move away from trigger throttles, opting for thumb throttles instead. However, the trigger throttle remains an integral part of the market.

They are rarely seen on entry-level scooters, but many performance models utilize them.

Thumb Throttles

Basic Operation

This throttle type is operated by pressing down your thumb. It is typically found right next to the right handlebar. The more pressure you apply, the faster the scooter accelerates.

Optimal Grip Strength: Drawing from the previously mentioned study, utilizing a thumb throttle configuration enables riders to sustain the most secure and stable grip.

For All Sizes: Contrary to the potential challenges posed by trigger throttles for individuals with smaller hands, thumb throttles present a hand position that is both comfortable and ergonomically friendly for riders of all hand sizes.

No Brake Obstruction: Given the inward-facing orientation of the thumb throttle, it ensures no obstruction to the brake lever, facilitating smooth and unimpeded access to braking controls.

Accidental Acceleration: Some riders report struggling to keep their thumb steady when the road gets bumpy, leading to unintentional fluctuations in speed.

Less Refined Control: Some riders find it less precise in controlling speed than other throttle types.

Suitable Rider Profile

The thumb throttle is a versatile choice, accommodating riders of all hand sizes and particularly offering comfort for those with smaller hands.

E-scooter fleet services predominantly utilize thumb throttles for a reason - they provide a comfortable, intuitive, and cater to the masses.

Position in the Market

Historically, thumb throttles were predominantly featured on entry-level scooters and within fleet services.

However, in recent times, numerous high-performance brands that engage in in-house scooter design have adopted the thumb throttle design.

The trajectory suggests that thumb throttles are on a path to becoming the most popular choice as the industry continues to renew itself.

Full-Twist Throttles

Basic Operation

The full-twist thumb throttle operates similarly to a motorcycle throttle, where the rider twists the entire grip to control acceleration.

No Finger Strain: Full-twists promote a natural hand posture, preventing the individual finger strain that other throttle types can induce.

Strong Grip: With all your fingers encircling the handlebar, your grip is at optimal strength.

Good For Limited Motion: Full-twist throttles are good for riders with restricted finger dexterity due to injuries or conditions like arthritis.

Motorcycle-Friendly: If you come from a motorcycle background, you'll find this mechanism highly intuitive.

Less Clutter: The handlebar setup is less cluttered, with no external components involved.

Compromised Balance: You rely on your grip for balance on a stand-up scooter. Having to twist your entire wrist can compromise that.

Accidental Acceleration: Similarly, if you're jolted off balance and need to reposition, there's a chance you might inadvertently accelerate.

Difficult Braking: Operating a brake lever with your wrist in motion or a flexed position can be difficult.

Rare: This mechanism is rare and is often an after-sales addition to your ride. Replacement parts can be hard to find.

Wrist Strain: Although full-twist throttles are gentler on the fingers, they may lead to wrist strain during extended rides.

Suitable Rider Profile

Full-twist throttles suit riders familiar with motorcycle throttles and those with limited finger dexterity due to conditions like arthritis.

Position In The Market

Full-twist throttles are a rare find in the market. The Emove RoadRunner Pro is one of the few models that uses it. While catering to a niche audience, a handful of models like the Emove Cruiser S and Emove Touring offer it as an upgrade.

Half-Twist Throttles

Basic Operation

Half-twist throttles are operated by twisting a portion of the handlebar grip to control the scooter's acceleration.

Unlike the full-twist throttle, where the entire grip is twisted, the half-twist throttle involves turning only a section of the grip, balancing steady control and ergonomic comfort.

Strong Grip: Having all your fingers wrapped around the handlebar ensures maximal grip strength.

Less Wrist Strain: The lesser degree of twisting required can reduce wrist strain, resulting in better control and less fatigue over long rides.

Reduced Accidental Acceleration: The likelihood of unintended acceleration during rough rides or unforeseen conditions is minimized with half-twist throttles, as most of your hand is secured around a fixed grip.

Good For Limited Motion: With all fingers kept in a natural, relaxed position, half-twist throttles are ideal for riders who have a limited range of motion in their fingers.

Less Clutter: Being integrated directly into the handlebar, this throttle type cuts down on clutter and components that could interfere with each other.

Compromised Balance: Your grip is crucial for maintaining stability and balance. Moving and twisting your hand to accelerate can compromise balance, although this issue is less notable than with full-twist throttles.

Difficult Braking: It is difficult to control a brake lever and half-twist throttle simultaneously.

Rare: Although we see brands like Segway utilizing this mechanism, it is still rare in the market. Not many riders are familiar with it, and replacement parts can be hard to find and more expensive.

Suitable Rider Profile

Half-twist throttles are a viable choice for many riders, especially those facing challenges with finger dexterity.

They solve some of the safety issues associated with full-twist throttles without introducing new problems.

Motorcycle riders yearning for the twisting experience might find half-twist throttles to be the perfect practical middle ground.

Position in the Market

While rare in the industry, half-twist throttles are more prevalent than full-twist throttles.

In 2022, their adoption by Segway on the GT series hinted at a potential trend. This might signify a growing presence of half-twist throttles on performance scooters moving forward.

Which throttle type do you prefer? *

• Trigger (index) throttle
• Thumb throttle
• Half-twist throttle
• Full-twist throttle

Vote

Throttle Issues & Troubleshooting

1. Unresponsive Throttle

There are several possible causes for an unresponsive throttle.

If the display of your electric scooter still turns on but shows an error code, always refer to the product manual or manufacturer's website for a quick diagnosis and troubleshooting steps related to that specific code.

However, if the display doesn't turn on or shows no error codes, here are some common issues that might be at play:

Loose/Damaged Connections

An internal cable connects the accelerator and the controller (occasionally via the display). If this connection becomes compromised, it may result in an unresponsive throttle.

To inspect and potentially resolve this issue on most scooter models, you'll typically need to:

1. Access the Internal Cable:
   • Unscrew and gently lift the cockpit or handlebar from the stem tube, ensuring you do so carefully to avoid causing any additional damage or disconnections.
2. Inspect the Connection:
   • Identify the cable that extends from the display and/or throttle, running towards the base of the stem tube.
   • Thoroughly inspect for any signs of disconnection or damage along this cable.
3. Address Disconnections:
   • If wires are disconnected yet appear to be in good condition, attempt to reconnect them.
4. Handle Damaged Wires:
   • If you observe wire damage, avoid attempting a DIY fix, especially if you're unfamiliar with electric scooter repair.
   • Contact your point of purchase or a professional technician for replacement parts or further assistance.

Battery Damage

If your battery is damaged, it is unlikely the scooter will turn on at all. It can be difficult to determine if the battery is the issue, but common indicators include:

1. Physical Inspection:
   • Examine the battery for visible damage, corrosion at the terminals, a blown fuse, or loose connections, which could disrupt power flow to the throttle.
2. Check Charging:
   • Charge your electric scooter. All chargers have a red/green indicator diode. If the diode is red, it means the scooter is actively charging. If it is green, it means charging is idle. If the scooter isn't fully charged, this could indicate an underlying issue with the battery pack.
3. Battery Health Check:
   • If you're technical, you may use a Volt meter/multimeter to check the battery's voltage. Does it match the charge level stated in the scooter manual?
4. Test With A Replacement Battery:
   • If you're lucky enough to have access to a replacement battery or another scooter of the same model, you may try swapping the battery to see if it solves the issue.

Water Damage

Both the display, throttle, and controller could be subject to water damage. It can be hard to determine which is the culprit without having fresh parts to test it against.

If the connections and battery checks didn't solve your issue, we recommend contacting you for professional help. Contact the place of purchase. They likely have plenty of spare parts that'll allow them to fix the issue.

2. Sticking or Hard to Move Throttle

If a throttle isn't operating smoothly, cleaning and lubrication can typically resolve the issue.

Start with cleaning:

1. Remove Dirt: Use a soft brush or compressed air to remove dirt or debris around the throttle.
2. Clean Internally: If comfortable doing so, disassemble the throttle and clean the internal components using a mild cleaner and a soft cloth.

If that doesn't fix the issue, you may try lubrication:

1. Apply Lubricant: Apply a tiny amount of silicone lube to the moving parts of the throttle. One drop at a time.
2. Ensure Smooth Movement: Press the throttle multiple times to allow the lubricant to distribute itself for optimal performance.

If lubrication doesn't work, check for any misaligned components. Otherwise, we recommend reaching out to the manufacturer for a replacement throttle.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Change the Throttle Type on An Electric Scooter?

In most cases, you can not change the throttle type on your electric scooter. Throttles are intricately linked with other hardware components, such as the controller and display, all of which are calibrated to operate harmoniously together.

Switching throttle types often means replacing the controller as well, introducing an additional layer of compatibility considerations with the battery and motor.

However, a few exceptions (e.g., the Emove Cruiser S and Touring) have easily replaceable after-market throttle upgrades.

Can I Customize the Sensitivity of A Throttle?

Some advanced scooters allow for throttle sensitivity adjustments, but it is rare on entry-level scooters. For scooters that allow this, it is typically done via a settings menu on the display or a Bluetooth app.

Refer to your scooter's manual or consult the manufacturer.

Is it Normal for My Thumb to Feel Fatigued with a Thumb Throttle?

Yes, experiencing thumb fatigue when using a thumb throttle on an electric scooter, especially for beginners, is quite common and generally considered normal.

When you're new to using an electric scooter, your thumb engages in repetitive motion and exerts consistent pressure that it may not be used to, which can lead to fatigue or soreness.

If your scooter has cruise control functionality, this can greatly relieve thumb fatigue during long commutes.

Can I Upgrade My Electric Scooter's Throttle for Better Performance?

No, you can not upgrade your electric scooter's throttle for better performance. The throttle merely interprets the rider's input and sends a signal to the controller(s). Performance is determined by the motor(s), battery, and controller(s).

Their bold move sparks skepticism in me and the e-scooter community as a whole. We're used to seeing major brands venture into e-mobility, like Red Bull's RBS #01, which carries a monstrous $6,500 price tag despite offering specs similar to $1,000 alternatives.

Whether it's a genuine attempt at diversifying their brand by branching into new territory or a convincing marketing ploy, we'll find out if the Acer Predator lives up to its hype in the coming months.

A Look at the Specs

The Predator Extreme PES017 boasts specs geared towards off-road use, featuring a 350W rear hub motor with a peak of 960W, allowing for a top speed of up to 32km/h and handling inclines up to 18%. Its 48V/10.5Ah battery (504Wh) promises up to 32km of range.

It comes equipped with 10" wide "crocodile" knobby tires, dual disc brakes, three speed modes, turn signals, and front and rear suspension, all underpinned by an IPX5 weather resistance rating.

Given the specs, the Predator Extreme PES017 feels underwhelming rather than extreme. The top speed and range are comparable to much cheaper models, and the 504Wh battery capacity is modest.

Based on my hands-on tests across dozens of e-scooters, I wouldn't expect more than 20-25 km per charge from this thing. It looks like the "Extreme" aspect is more about branding and less about performance, challenging the scooter's value against its premium price.

A Unique but Possibly Flawed Design

(Image credit: Acer)

The Acer Predator Extreme PES017's design definitely breaks the mold. It strays far from the conventional scooter blueprint, and I'm all for that, but within reason. Standing on side-by-side pads feels more novel than practical to me. The traditional "deck stance" is better for balance and shifting weight when accelerating and braking.

The dual front fork suspension looks nice, though. There's plenty of travel, and the rear spring isn't small, either. Combined with the beefy knobby tires, I'm sure this thing can take on an all-terrain challenge, but it seems more like a pocket dirt bike to me than a dependable commuting scooter.

Until we get to try the Predator firsthand, we'll give Acer the benefit of the doubt. It's an interesting design, but I'm full of skepticism. Still, I welcome new innovation that challenges the industry standard. This is how things evolve and improve.

The Acer Predator Extreme PES017 will be sold in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, starting at €1,299 (EUR) in Q2 of 2024. For more information, view the official page on Acer.

Whether you're a seasoned rider or new to electric scooters, understanding how brakes work and how to use them properly is important to stay safe on the roads. In this guide, we delve into the various brake types available, from mechanical to electronic and hydraulic options, and talk about the pros and cons of each.

You'll also learn which factors impact braking performance, how to conduct brake maintenance, and how to inspect your brakes to see if anything needs to be replaced.

Hit the brakes and take a moment to relax - by the end of this guide, you'll be well-versed in the ins and outs of electric scooter brakes, ensuring a safer and smoother ride.

• Jump to:
• Brake Types
• Brake Position
• Factors Affecting Braking
• How To Brake Properly
• FAQ

Types of Electric Scooter Brakes

Electric scooters typically use three main types of brakes: mechanical, electronic, and hydraulic. Let's break down each type to understand their strengths and weaknesses and how they operate.

Mechanical Brakes

Drum Brake

Drum brakes are commonly used in both budget and commuter electric scooters due to their durability and low maintenance. They work by pressing brake shoes against the drum lining inside the wheel when you pull the brake lever, creating friction to slow the scooter.

Suitable for: Low to medium-speed scooters up to 20 MPH (or 30 MPH for dual drums), ideal for urban commuting, rain riding, and less frequent maintenance needs.

Mechanical (Cable-Actuated) Disc Brake

Mechanical disc brakes (cable-actuated) are the most common type seen in all price ranges, from budget electric scooters to high-end beasts, thanks to their reliability and strong stopping power. They're operated using a brake lever. When the brake lever is pulled, a cable tightens, moving the calipers to press the brake pads against the rotor, slowing the scooter.

They're different from the more premium hydraulic (or semi-hydraulic) disc brake options that use fluid to apply braking force.

Suitable for: A wide range of scooters, from entry-level to high-performance models up to 45 MPH, where powerful braking is essential.

Foot Brake

Foot brakes, or friction brakes, are less common but are mainly found on entry-level electric scooters. A foot brake is operated by stepping down on the rear fender, which creates friction between the fender and tire. Foot brakes are intuitive, but they're inconsistent and provide limited stopping power.

Suitable for: Low-speed scooters and as a secondary brake for minor speed adjustments and not full stops.

Electronic Brakes

Electronic brakes - also known as regenerative brakes or E-ABS - are an increasingly popular secondary brake system in electric scooters. It is often seamlessly integrated with disc or drum brakes, but some models have a separate trigger for it.

When electronic brakes are activated, it reverses the motor's function to act as a generator. It then converts the rotational kinetic energy from the already moving wheel into electrical energy, creating resistance that slows down the wheel. Most electronic brakes recapture the generated electricity and send it back to the battery to recharge it a bit.

Suitable for: Any electric scooter secondary to a mechanical braking system, provided it is properly implemented and not jolty.

Hydraulic Brakes

Fully-Hydraulic Brakes

Unlike mechanical disc brakes, which rely on a cable, fully hydraulic brakes use the force of pressurized fluid (brake oil, mineral oil) to activate the brakes. When you pull the lever, it pressurizes internal brake fluid to engage the calipers and brake pads. This results in more immediate and stronger braking that feels smoother and requires less lever force.

Suitable for: High-performance electric scooters, especially those designed for high speeds or off-road use. Ideal for riders seeking the best in safety and control and don't mind paying extra for it.

Semi-Hydraulic Brakes

Semi-hydraulic brakes are a blend of mechanical and hydraulic braking systems. They offer a middle ground in terms of performance and cost. Semi-hydraulic brakes use a mechanical cable with hydraulic calipers. When pulled, the cable activates the hydraulic mechanism in the calipers, which presses the brake pads against the disc (rotor).

Suitable for: Riders who want an upgrade from mechanical brakes but aren't ready for the complexity or cost of fully hydraulic systems.

Brake Position: Front, Rear, or Dual?

Electric scooters come with different braking options – front, rear, or both – each has its own advantages and ideal use cases.

• Jump to:
• Single vs. Dual
• Front vs. Rear

Single vs. Dual Brakes

Almost all electric scooters have at least one mechanical brake system, while more powerful models have two.

Single brake systems are typically found on single-motor electric scooters with top speeds under 25 MPH. With limited motor power, you don't need as much stopping force. Single brake systems often combine with an electronic brake to increase stopping power.

The main benefit of a single brake system is that it's cost-effective and requires less maintenance. There's no need to tame a 20 MPH scooter with dual-hydraulic disc brakes when a single mechanical disc and regen brake can do the job.

However, while single brake systems are practical, they should be limited to electric scooters under 25 MPH or with a single motor. Dual motor scooters accelerate notably faster, calling for more stopping power.

Dual brake systems are seen across the market (even in 20 MPH models like the KQi3 Pro), but they're mainly used on models that go faster than 25 MPH. The faster you're riding, the longer it takes to stop, so to allow for emergency stops, dual brakes are called for.

Dual brakes are often accompanied by electronic braking as well for increased strength and regen properties. They're much more performant than single brake setups but add weight and require more maintenance.

So, should I look for a scooter with single or dual brakes?

Single brake systems are suitable for casual, low-speed riding on single-motor scooters below 25 MPH. Dual brake systems are the go-to choice for enhanced safety and performance, especially in more demanding riding scenarios and on dual motor scooters above 25 MPH.

Front vs. Rear Brakes

Many low-powered electric scooters come with just one mechanical brake, usually on the wheel opposite the motor. So, scooters with a motor in the rear wheel often have a front brake, while those with a front-wheel motor have a rear brake.

Front brakes offer more stopping power than rear brakes as they are located ahead of the center of gravity. However, the superior braking force comes at the expense of control and smoothness. Front brakes need to be applied carefully to avoid tipping the scooter, especially in emergency situations.

Rear brakes offer smoother and more controlled slowing. They reduce the chance of skidding and throwing the rider over the handlebar but generally have a longer stopping distance. They are preferred in less aggressive stopping scenarios with gradual deceleration and are generally easier to use, but they don't deliver as much performance in emergencies.

So, should I look for a scooter with a front or rear brake?

If you're a beginner choosing a scooter with a top speed between 15-18 MPH, a single rear brake is sufficient. However, if you have experience operating e-scooter brakes and know how to shift your weight properly, front brakes are ideal for their increased stopping power. On scooters close to 25 MPH, a front brake is always preferred.

Which Factors Affect Braking Performance?

How effective your electric scooter brakes are depends on several key factors.

• Jump to:
• Rotors
• Tires
• Weather
• Weight & Load
• Speed

Rotor Size & Design

Exclusive to disc brakes, rotor size, and design play a crucial role in braking efficiency.

Rotor Size

Larger rotors provide better leverage, which results in stronger braking. Braking torque is directly proportional to the rotor's radius. As the radius increases, so does the torque, enhancing the scooter's ability to stop more quickly and efficiently.

Additionally, larger rotors offer better heat dissipation. During braking, friction generates heat, and larger rotors have more surface area to dissipate this heat, reducing the risk of brake fade. This is especially important in high-speed or downhill riding conditions where brakes are used more frequently and aggressively.

With a larger friction surface, large rotors wear out more slowly, leading to longer-lasting brakes. This means fewer replacements and less maintenance over time.

Rotor Design

Most disc brake rotors have slots or holes that enhance braking performance. First, it further helps to dissipate heat but also disperses water and dirt so it doesn't build up between the brake pads and rotor. It also gives the brakes a stronger bite during initial braking.

Some rotors may favor more hollow designs for their water dispersion, heat dissipation, and cut-in weight, while others may be more densely designed, favoring longevity.

Tires

Your tires arguably have the biggest effect on braking performance out of all the factors mentioned.

Tire Type

Pneumatic tires (when inflated properly) provide better braking performance than solid tires as they provide more traction and grip on the road, thanks to their flexible construction. The only thing that speaks in favor of solid tires is their practicality in being virtually maintenance-free until the tread is worn down.

Tire Tread

Tire tread directly affects how well your electric scooter grips the road. There are three tread categories in the electric scooter space.

• Street tread: Shallow and smooth tread patterns. They have less grip than hybrid and off-road tires but are smoother, less noisy, and have better longevity on dry urban roads.
• Hybrid tread: Hybrid tires strike a midground between street and off-road usage, balancing their strengths and weaknesses. Hybrid tires handle wet roads better and work well for hardpacked trails, light terrain, and poor city roads.
• Off-road tread: Has deeper, more pronounced tread for a strong grip on uneven surfaces. However, they typically wear faster, and their braking performance on smooth, dry pavement may be worse than street tires due to the larger and more spaced-out tread blocks.

The tire tread wears down with usage. At a certain point, this affects performance, resulting in poor grip and increased braking distance. It is crucial to keep an eye on tire health and change the tire when the tread starts disappearing.

The vast majority of electric scooters under $1,500 use street tires exclusively. We start to see hybrid options around $2,000 while pure off-road tires remain rare or "add-ons" for more niche scooters.

Tire Size

Larger and wider tires provide better grip and traction, thanks to their bigger contact surface with the road. With a stronger grip, the risk of hydroplaning is also decreased.

However, they're heavier and may not accelerate as fast as smaller tires. For safe braking in the rain, we recommend that you have 9" pneumatic tires at the very least (preferably 10").

Weather Conditions

Weather conditions can have a huge impact on how well electric scooter brakes work:

• Wet Conditions: Rain or damp surfaces lower tire grip, making it harder to stop quickly. Dirt, dust, and water may stick to the rotor and brake pads, causing uneven contact and premature wear.
• Cold Temperatures: Cold weather can harden tires and promote air leaks around the rim, reducing traction.
• Hot Conditions: Exceedingly high temperatures combined with strong continual braking may cause brake fade. Brake fade creates a film between the rotor and pads, which decreases friction and, in turn, increases stopping distances.
• Snow and Ice: These are the trickiest conditions, as snow and ice greatly reduce tire grip on the road and increase the risk of skidding. Gentle braking is key here to stay safe.

Scooter Weight & Load

Heavier scooters and loads need more stopping force due to increased momentum, resulting in longer stopping distances.

A lightweight scooter with a light rider stops faster than a heavy-loaded one despite having the same brakes. This difference is more noticeable at high speeds or when emergency braking, where stopping distances can increase by up to 30% in our tests.

So what does this mean for you? Well, if you plan to carry a lot of cargo or weigh more than 230 lbs, put an emphasis on stopping power in your buying decision.

Speed

The faster an electric scooter is going, the more braking force is needed to counteract your momentum. With longer braking distances, you need to start braking earlier. This is why high-speed scooters need dual brake systems to match their increased motor power.

As mentioned before, anything above 25 MPH or with two motors calls for a mechanical dual brake setup for emergency situations.

How to Brake Properly on Your Electric Scooter

Learning how to brake correctly is important for both your safety and the longevity of your scooter.

1. Adopt a Stable Stance:
   Position one foot behind the other, a full foot length apart if possible. This allows for better stability and weight shifting during braking.
2. Bend Your Knees:
   Slightly bending your knees improves control and lowers your center of gravity. This reduces the risk of tipping forward.
3. Apply the Brakes:
   - If you have dual brakes, use the 70/30 rule (apply 70% braking force to the front and 30% to the rear). This distribution compensates for the forward weight shift during braking, preventing the rear tire from lifting.
   
   - If you have a single front brake, try to brake early and gradually, as there is no rear brake to counteract the forward momentum.
   
   - If you have a single rear brake, also brake steadily and early. You don't want the tire to lock up or lose traction.
4. Shift Your Weight Backward:
   Lean back while braking to keep the rear wheel grounded and maintain traction.
5. Brake Gradually:
   Brake smoothly, especially downhill, for safer stops. Look ahead, anticipate braking points, and slow down accordingly.

Electric Scooter Brake Maintenance

Electric scooter brakes require occasional maintenance for optimal performance and safety. Here are a few easy tips to keep your scooter's brakes sharp.

Inspect the Scooter Before Every Ride

We highly recommend conducting a visual and physical brake inspection before every ride. If there are any signs of visible wear, it's time to replace the affected parts.

1. Check the brake pads to see if they have cracks or significant thinning.
2. Test the brake levers for responsiveness; they should feel firm, not spongy or loose.
3. Inspect the brake calipers for any visible misalignment.
4. Check if the rotor is warped or bent (disc brakes only).
5. Listen for any drag or rubbing between the rotor and brake pads, hinting at a misalignment (disc brakes only).

The most important thing is to test the brake's performance on every ride before blending into traffic. If something feels or sounds wrong, or if braking performance has significantly dropped, chances are there is an underlying issue that needs your attention.

How To Align Brake Pads

To align brake pads on an electric scooter disc brake:

1. Loosen the caliper bolt(s) until the caliper moves freely.
2. Squeeze the brake lever to press the pads against the rotor.
3. While holding the brake lever, tighten the caliper bolt(s) again.
4. Release the lever and spin the wheel to check for rubbing.
5. If rubbing persists, repeat the process or adjust the caliper's position until it spins freely without dragging.

How To Replace Brake Pads

It's time to replace your brake pads if you notice cracks, deep thinning, or uneven wear. If you notice a drop in performance that persists despite ruling out other possible causes, it is also time to change pads. The process depends on the caliper design on your brake.

Calipers with Retaining Pin

Many calipers use a simple retaining pin to hold the brake pads in place. These can be accessed by unbending the pin with pliers. To avoid putting unnecessary strain on the rotor, loosen the brake cable on the caliper first. You can now freely remove the pads, give them a thorough cleaning, or replace them.

Make sure to reinsert the retaining pin through the pad holes and secure it by bending the end again.

Calipers Requiring Removal

Other caliper designs may require a full removal to access and replace the pads. While this requires a bit more effort, it's a good excuse to give the entire caliper setup a thorough clean.

First, remove the bolt(s) that hold the caliper in place on the scooter's frame and/or fork/swingarm. Next, loosen the bolt that holds the brake cable and detach it completely so the caliper is no longer connected to the scooter. Remove the calipers and replace them with new ones. Optionally, give the caliper a deep cleaning.

How to Clean Electric Scooter Brakes

Regular cleaning will maintain optimal brake performance and extend the life of components. While it isn't as fun as riding, it may save you both time and money down the line. Here's how:

1. Safely place your scooter on a box or stand so you have easy access to the brakes and can spin the wheels freely.
2. Use a soft brush to gently remove dirt, dust, or debris from the caliper, rotor, brake pads, and the rest of the assembly.
3. For tougher grime, apply a brake cleaner spray or de-greaser. Avoid oil-based products as they may negatively impact braking performance.
4. After applying the cleaner, use a clean, dry cloth to wipe off the residue. If your scooter is properly protected against water, you may also add a bit of water to the brush as needed.
5. Let the brake components dry off thoroughly in a ventilated space before using the scooter.

Electric Scooter Brakes: Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Upgrade the Brakes on my Electric Scooter?

Depending on the brake type, you may or may not be able to upgrade them.

Disc and friction brakes can be replaced or upgraded with some DIY skill, as their parts are external. Ensure the new parts fit your scooter before moving forward.

Drum brakes are extremely difficult to replace. Most key components are inside the drum, so it often requires a complete wheel disassembly to access components. Drum brake upgrades are best left to professionals.

Electronic regen brakes are integrated into the motor and are often controlled by software. They are typically not upgradeable or replaceable.

Which Electric Scooter Brake Type is Best?

The ideal brake type for electric scooters depends on their specific use:

• Disc Brakes: Offer the most power but need more maintenance.
• Drum Brakes: Provide good stopping power with less upkeep.
• Electronic (Regenerative) Brakes: Great as an addition to mechanical brakes.
• Foot (Friction) Brakes: Suitable as a secondary, low-power brake option but not strong enough alone.

Each type has its advantages, catering to different needs and preferences in scooter braking.

Mechanical vs. Electronic Brakes - Which Are Best?

Mechanical brakes are more powerful and reliable than electronic brakes. They'll still work if the scooter's power cuts out, unlike electronic brakes.

Mechanical brakes are generally seen as the best primary system, but electronic brakes are good as a secondary system to increase stopping power and for energy recovery.

Is It Safe to Use Only the Electronic Brake on My Scooter?

No, relying solely on an electronic brake is not recommended. Some portable models use it alongside a friction brake, but electronic brakes alone lack sufficient stopping power. Also, if the scooter's power cuts out, the electronic brake won't work.

Why are My Disc Brakes Squeaking?

Disc brake noise is commonly caused by dirt, misaligned or worn pads, or a bent rotor. They may also squeak temporarily when wet, which doesn't necessarily indicate a problem, although it can diminish performance.

Start by cleaning your brakes and check if the pads are worn or misaligned. If that doesn't solve your issue, check to see if the rotor is bent.

We generally do not recommend riding electric scooters in snowy or icy conditions. However, if you're forced to ride in less-than-ideal conditions, this guide offers essential advice for challenging winter commutes.

Let's dive into some actionable tips to make your wintery ride as safe as possible.

• Jump to:
• Pre-Ride Tips
• Riding Tips
• Post-Ride Tips
• Recommended Models
• What to Look for

Pre-Ride Preparations

Part of staying safe in the winter chill on your electric scooter happens before you ride. To prepare for your ride, do the following:

Battery Management

Cold temperatures affect the performance of electric scooters, and it has a particularly strong effect on the battery. Batteries may experience deterioration in capacity, heightened safety risks, and reduced overall lifespan.

Luckily, there are several steps you can take to mitigate the adverse effects of freezing temperatures.

1. Warm Storage: Store your scooter in a warm and dry environment when not in use. This helps preserve battery health by preventing the cold from depleting its charge and reducing the risk of damage.
2. Pre-Heating: If permanent warm storage isn't an option, bring the scooter (or battery, if detachable) indoors for a few hours before use. A warm battery operates more efficiently, even in cold weather.
3. Limit Ride Duration: Start your trips with a warm battery and keep them short. A brief commute with a pre-heated battery ensures its temperature won't drop to a critical level.

Tire Check

Slippery surfaces call for an adequate tire setup. A pre-ride inspection goes a long way in ensuring a safe ride.

1. Inspect Tire Tread: Examine the tread depth on your tires. Deep tread is crucial for maintaining grip and stability in snow and ice. If the treads are worn out, consider replacing the tires.
2. Check for Damage: Look for any signs of visible damage, such as cuts, punctures, leaks, or abnormal wear. Damaged tires are more likely to fail, especially in harsh conditions.
3. Tire Pressure: Cold weather can cause a significant drop in tire pressure. Check the pressure and inflate the tires to the recommended level before riding for optimal performance.

Note: We strongly advise against riding on slippery roads with solid tires. Pneumatic tires are vastly superior for grip in these situations.

Brake Inspection

Braking distances increase when the road is wet or icy. It is crucial to ensure that your electric scooter's brakes are in top condition before riding.

1. Brake Lever Test: Squeeze the brake lever; it should feel firm and responsive. If there is little to no resistance, you need to tighten the brake.
2. Brake Pad Inspection: If you have a disc brake, ensure the brake pads aren't worn thin; replace them if necessary. If they're misaligned, do a brake pad calibration.
3. Clean Brakes: Regularly clean your brakes in winter to remove dirt, moisture, and corrosive road salt. This ensures optimal efficiency and prevents premature wear.

For those with hydraulic brakes (typically only found on high-performance models), check that they do not feel spongy. If they do, it's time to change the hydraulic oil.

Tighten Disc/Drum Brakes

1. Locate Barrel Adjuster: Find the barrel adjuster on the brake lever or near the brake caliper/drum mechanism.
2. Adjust Tension: Turn the barrel adjuster counterclockwise to extend it, increasing cable tension.
3. Additional Tightening (if needed): A barrel adjustment is great for quick, minor adjustments. If that isn't enough, loosen the cable clamp bolt on the brake mechanism, pull the cable tighter, and then retighten the bolt.
4. Test Brake: Spin the wheel to ensure it moves freely. If there's drag the brake is too tight. Loosen the cable clamp, release a bit of tension, and adjust until the wheel spins without drag but with minimal brake pad gap.

Lights and Visibility

Short winter days and foggy conditions necessitate proper lighting and visibility. Sadly, not all electric scooters are up for the job out of the box. If your scooter does not have the following, we recommend buying them.

• A bright, high-mounted headlight with a downward angle to illuminate the road optimally and not blind other road users. Look for the following:
  • Easy to mount
  • Wide angle
  • At least 700 lumens
  • Visible from at least 150 meters (500 ft) away
  • High weather resistance rating (IP67 or IP77)
  • We recommend: CECO-USA 1,000 Lumen USB Light
• A low-mounted, red taillight that can easily be mounted on your e-scooter. Also, look for:
  • At least 200 lumens
  • Visible from at least 150 meters (500 ft) away
  • High weather resistance rating (IP67 or IP77)
  • We recommend: Cygolite Hypershot 250
• White and yellow reflectors for the side of the wheels and the stem.
  • Mountable plastic reflectors are more durable
  • Stickers are cheaper and easier to mount/remove
• Reflective apparel
  • Jacket or vest
  • Helmet with reflective strips
  • Reflective arm/leg bands
  • Backpack reflective stickers

Riding in Snow & Ice

With snow and ice on the road, you must adjust your riding style to stay safe. This section covers practical tips and techniques for riding your electric scooter in winter weather.

1. Adjust Your Speed

We highly recommend reducing your overall speed in snowy conditions. Snow and ice can decrease your scooter's traction, making it harder to control.

By riding slower, you give yourself more time to react and adapt, reducing the risk of accidents. Maintaining a lower speed will allow you to more easily steer clear of potential hazards like icy patches and snow buildup.

Remember, the key in winter conditions is control, not speed. Take it easy and stay alert.

2. Brake Carefully

To safely stop on slippery surfaces, it is crucial you apply the brakes gently and progressively. With the electric scooter's reduced grip, there's an increased risk of skidding.

To avoid hydroplaning, begin braking earlier than you usually would. Also, avoid braking while turning, as your tires are at an increased risk of skidding here. Instead, reduce your speed before entering a turn and gently accelerate again after.

3. Maintain Good Posture

Posture is key to maintaining stability on snowy or icy surfaces.

Bend your knees slightly to absorb shocks, and take a wider stance to lower your center of gravity. A low center of gravity improves handling, and bent knees allow you to shift your weight when necessary more easily.

Avoid making sudden or sharp movements; instead, lean gently into turns and distribute your weight evenly.

4. Ride on Clear Paths

Only ride on paths that have been cleared and avoid areas with deep, loose snow or patches of ice, especially the treacherous black ice. Cleared paths are more predictable and safe.

5. Handling Skids

If your scooter starts to skid, it's important to stay calm. Instead of abruptly turning the handlebars or harshly applying the brakes, gently ease off the throttle and slowly steer in the direction you want to go.

This technique, called "steering into a skid, " can help you regain control. Remember, sudden movements can worsen the skid.

Practice makes perfect, so if you can practice this maneuver in a controlled environment, it may help you react more effectively in an actual skid situation.

Post-Ride Maintenance

You've successfully braved the winter elements, but the work doesn't end there. These post-ride practices will maintain your scooter's longevity and ensure it is safe for your next ride.

1. Clean Your Scooter

Immediately clean your electric scooter after a winter ride. Remove any snow, ice, or road salt. When snow or ice melts and combines with road salt, it accelerates the rusting process of metal parts.

Over time, corrosion can weaken your scooter's frame and affect the motor's efficiency. In the short term, its most immediate impact is on the braking system, particularly the brake pads and rotor.

Start with a soft bristle car brush wherever you can. It's gentle enough to use on the scooter's body and painted surfaces without scratching.

Use a stiff bristle car brush for tougher grime and dirt on the tires. This brush is effective for scrubbing away salt and road debris. However, it may scratch painted parts, so stay away from those.

Use a smaller brush for the brakes. Disc brakes have many moving metal parts, so using a smaller brush will allow you to clean those hard-to-reach spots better.

2. Wipe Down Your Scooter

You've cleaned your scooter; now it is time to wipe it dry.

Start with a clean cloth and wipe off any visible moisture. Be particularly thorough around electronic components and metal parts. It is crucial you use a clean cloth as you don't want to add more dirt to the scooter. Any cloth (or even a towel) will do; just ensure it absorbs water well.

Dab electronic parts to avoid pushing moisture into the components. This holds true for motors, switches, and the display.

We recommend using a disc brake cleaner if you find disc brakes hard to dry. Make sure it is acetone-free.

3. Let Your Scooter Air Dry

Finally, come full circle by letting your electric scooter air dry in a warm, well-ventilated, and dry area before storing it.

Getting 100% rid of all moisture with cloths and swabs is almost impossible, but a warm, dry place will allow the residual water to evaporate.

Best Electric Scooters for Winter

Based on years of extensive testing of more than 50 electric scooter models, we've picked three reliable electric scooters geared for the winter season.

Best Overall Segway Ninebot Max G2

$999.98 at Amazon

$999.98 at Amazon

Tested Speed

22.4 MPH

Tested Range

29.8 miles

Brake Distance

11.7 ft

IP Rating

IPX5

Weight

53.5 lbs

Max Load

265 lbs

What we like

• Large self-healing air tires
• Extremely stable thanks to TCS anti-skid tech
• Good overall performance
• Turn signals and bright lights
• Sizable dimensions for comfort

What we don't like

• "Only" IPX5
• Drum brake instead of disc
• Fairly heavy

The Segway Ninebot Max G2 is not only one of the most well-rounded and reliable electric scooters on the market - it excels in the winter as well.

Ample performance, a high-capacity battery combined with sizable dimensions for comfort is its recipe for success.

The Max G2 has an excellent lighting setup with handlebar-mounted turn signals and plenty of reflectors for visibility.

10" self-healing tubeless tires and adjustable dual suspension come together with Segway's incredible TCS anti-skid technology to give one of the most stable rides we've ever tested.

The Segway Max G2 "only" has an IPX5 weather resistance rating, but its design has been proven to handle changing weather well and our personal experience with it backs that.

Read our full Segway Ninebot Max G2 review

Best Dual-Motor Option Apollo City

$1,849.00$1,749.00 at Apollo Scooters

$1,849.00$1,749.00 at Apollo Scooters

Tested Speed

32.2 MPH

Tested Range

29.8 miles

Brake Distance

11.7 ft

IP Rating

IP66

Weight

65 lbs

Max Load

265 lbs

What we like

• IP66 rating
• Turn signals
• Incredibly well built
• Excellent performance
• Unmatched ride quality

What we don't like

• Quite expensive
• Very heavy

For those that like the Max G2 but want more power, the City may be the answer. The Apollo City Pro is one of the most comfortable electric scooter we have ever tested.

It boasts exceptional dual-motor performance with strong acceleration and hill climbing ability, but doesn't skimp on range and comfort.

The City Pro 2023 also boasts 10" self-healing tubeless tires and has a rare IP66 weather resistance rating, meaning it is geared for demanding commutes in wintery weather.

While this dual-motor powerhouse feels like a cloud to ride on, it is also quite heavy, which may be a dealbreaker to some.

Read our full Apollo City review

Best Performance-Value Emove Cruiser S

$1,195.00 at Voromotors

$1,195.00 at Voromotors

Tested Speed

31.3 MPH

Tested Range

46.7 miles

Brake Distance

10.2 ft

IP Rating

IPX6

Weight

56 lbs

Max Load

350 lbs

What we like

• IPX6 weather resistance
• Good for heavier riders
• Excellent specs for the price
• Dual hydraulic brakes
• Turn signals

What we don't like

• Somewhat dated design
• A little bulky
• Requires more maintenance than its competitors

For those who want a snow-resistant electric scooter that puts performance and value first the Emove Cruiser S is our recommendation.

Despite getting slack for its somewhat dated design (which isn't necessarily a bad thing), it undisputably offers the most performance for a scooter at its price.

With an IPX6 rating, 10" tubeless tires and highly responsive XTECH hydraulic disc brakes, the Emove Cruiser S is not only safe but also durable.

It looks a bit bulky, but the handlebars fold for compactness and the 52V 30Ah LG battery offers an incredible 46.7 miles of real-world range.

The Emove Cruiser S is hard to beat at its price point. It ticks all the boxes that makes a reliable winter scooter, and its high payload makes it an excellent pick for heavier riders.

What to Look for in an Electric Scooter for Winter?

We've ridden countless electric scooters through challenging weather and assessed the four most important features that make them winter-approved.

Fill in each of the six required fields with accurate information. Here is a quick rundown of what each field means.

Our comprehensive survey of 1,000 U.S. electric scooter riders offers a unique window into the real-world impact of these laws, revealing how riders adapt and where the gaps lie in legislation, enforcement, and public awareness.

The survey also sheds light on helmet usage habits and riders' perceived safety, offering a holistic view of urban scooter use in the United States.

Key Findings from the Survey

Here is a summary of the main takeaways from our survey of 1,000 electric scooter owners/renters across the US.

• Only 24.5% are 'very familiar' with local laws, revealing a significant gap in legal awareness. The informational gap increases with rider age. Males are generally more familiar with local law.
• Almost half (47.4%) admit to occasional non-compliance with laws.
• Renters (57.4%) are more likely to follow laws than owners (47.8%).
• The primary reasons for non-compliance are:
  • Lack of knowledge (37.1%)
  • Convenience and time-saving (25.1%)
  • Laws viewed as unnecessary or overly restrictive (17.9%)
• Half (49.1%) always use a helmet when riding. 29.6% do sometimes, while 21.3% never do.
• Almost half (41.9%) report feeling 'somewhat safe' using an electric scooter, indicating a general sense of safety but with room for improvement. Perceived safety is higher in males and helmet users but decreases with age.

About the Survey

We surveyed 1,000 U.S. electric scooter riders, both owners and renters, about their knowledge of local laws, adherence to them, and reasons for occasional non-compliance.

Additionally, we gathered data on their helmet usage habits and feelings of safety for a comprehensive understanding.

Respondent data showed a balanced split between owners (50.2%) and renters (49.8%) of electric scooters, indicating equal popularity for both ownership and rental options. Respondents answering "None of the above" were excluded from the survey.

Males are slightly more likely to own an e-scooter (53.2%), whereas females are more likely to rent (52.8%).

Only 24.5% Are Very Familiar With the Law

Irrespective of whether they own or rent, only a quarter of our surveyed riders, precisely 24.5%, reported being 'Very familiar' with the local laws governing electric scooter use.

This statistic highlights a significant gap in legal knowledge among scooter users. The majority of riders either possess only partial knowledge or are entirely unaware of the legal framework they are expected to navigate.

This lack of awareness underscores city authorities' and scooter companies' need for more effective communication strategies to ensure safer riding practices.

Ownership vs. rental: There is no notable difference in legal knowledge between electric scooter owners and renters.

Gender knowledge disparity: 29.7% of male riders report being 'very familiar' with scooter laws, higher than the 19.3% among female riders.

Age-related knowledge gap: 28.9% of riders aged 16-44 are 'very familiar' with scooter laws, compared to just 15.9% among those over 45.

Nearly 50% Admit to Occasional Law-Breaking

Our survey revealed a surprising trend: nearly half of the electric scooter riders confess to occasionally breaking the law while using their scooters.

This statistic reflects a significant compliance issue within the electric scooter community. Despite the majority showing some level of adherence, a substantial proportion of riders admit to deviating from legislation in place from time to time.

Compliance by ownership: 57.4% of renters consistently follow scooter laws, higher than 47.8% of owners, despite similar legal familiarity.

Age and compliance correlation: Higher law adherence with age; 47.2% of 16-44 year-olds always adhere, compared to 58% of those above 45.

Lack of Knowledge Is the Primary Reason Riders Break the Law

To understand why respondents break the law, we asked them to identify their primary reason for not adhering to the rules.

As revealed by the responses, the predominant reason riders do not always adhere to the law is a lack of knowledge (37.1%). A significant portion of riders are not fully aware of the local regulations, leading them to violate these rules inadvertently.

This further underscores the urgent need for better education efforts by city authorities and scooter companies. Effective communication of legal requirements has the potential to decrease inadvertent law-breaking and contribute to safer, more responsible scooter use.

Owners and renters chose a 'Lack of knowledge about the laws' at 35.5% and 39.2%, respectively. This suggests that owners are not being adequately informed about local laws when purchasing an electric scooter.

One in four survey respondents (25.1%) selected 'Convenience and time-saving' as their main reason for occasionally disregarding local electric scooter laws. This trend suggests riders are willing to bend regulations for quicker commutes. Key factors influencing this choice include:

• High top speeds: Their ability to exceed legal speed limits may tempt users to prioritize speed over compliance.
• Inadequate infrastructure: A lack of bike lanes may lead riders to use sidewalks or shortcuts.
• Low Risk Perception: Riders may underestimate the risks of accidents and legal repercussions (as 15.8% report to be their primary reason for bending the rules).

17.9% report that current 'laws are unnecessary or overly restrictive' as their primary reason. There is likely a perception that these regulations hinder scooters' practical and efficient use. They might see these laws as outdated or not aligned with the evolving nature of micromobility.

Gender perception of laws: 23% of male riders view scooter laws as unnecessary or overly restrictive, compared to 12.5% of female riders.

Law enforcement impact by age: 22.5% of riders over 45 cite infrequent law enforcement as their main reason for non-compliance, higher than the reported 13% among younger riders aged 16-44.

Half Sometimes Skip the Helmet

Safety gear is crucial for electric scooter riders, yet our survey uncovers a concerning trend. Nearly half of the respondents (49.1%) consistently prioritize their safety by always wearing a helmet. However, a significant proportion, 29.6%, admit to only sometimes using a helmet, indicating a casual approach to safety among many riders.

More alarmingly, 21.3% of riders report never wearing a helmet. This choice exposes them to higher risks of injury in case of accidents. The reasons behind this varied helmet usage could range from convenience and comfort to a perception of low risk, especially for short or familiar routes.

These findings highlight a need for increased awareness and possibly stricter enforcement of safety gear usage. Educational campaigns focusing on the risks of riding without helmets could be key in changing these attitudes and behaviors, ultimately leading to safer riding practices.

Helmet use by age: 45.9% of riders aged 16-34 always wear a helmet, increasing to 51.1% among those aged 35 and older.

Helmet use renters vs. owners: 53.6% of renters always wear a helmet, compared to 44.6% of owners.

Most Riders feel Somewhat Safe

A significant number of riders feel safe to some degree. 41.9% feel "Somewhat safe," and 21.1% feel "Very safe," totaling 63% who positively perceive electric scooter safety.

A considerable 24.9% of respondents maintain a neutral view on safety, indicating neither strong feelings of safety nor significant concerns.

A smaller yet significant group expresses apprehensions, with 8.40% feeling "Somewhat unsafe" and 3.70% feeling "Very unsafe."

Helmet usage and safety perception: Helmet usage correlates with increased safety perception. 66.8% of consistent helmet users feel positive about safety, compared to 51.2% of non-helmet users.

Perceived safety by gender: 14.5% of female riders feel more or less unsafe, higher than 9.8% among male riders.

Safety perception by age: Perceived safety decreases with age. 8.9% of riders aged 16-44 feel more or less unsafe, compared to 18.3% of those aged 45 and older.

Want access to the full data? Reach us at contact@eridehero.com

From affordable entry-level commuters to high-performance beasts, we've scoured the market for all the best electric scooter deals with up to 75% off from reputable retailers.

See our hand-picked top 10 deals below, or explore the complete list of sales.

Top 10 Black Friday Electric Scooter Deals

Based on our hands-on testing of 100+ electric scooters, we've carefully picked ten deals you cannot miss.

NIU KQi3 Pro

Now: $569.85Was: $799-28%

With 23.5 miles of real-world range and a top speed of 19.7 MPH, the NIU KQi3 Pro is an incredibly capable commuter scooter. Thanks to its beefy pneumatic tires and sizable dimensions, it is a bliss to ride. Right now, it is cheaper than ever.

Get Best Deal Read Review

TurboAnt X7 Max

Now: $419.98Was: $599.98-30%

The TurboAnt X7 Max is currently a whopping 28% off. Get a great deal on highly portable entry-level electric scooter with a detachable battery now. It weighs a mere 34.2 lbs and offers 15.4 miles of real-world range.

Get Best Deal Read Review

Segway Ninebot Max G2

Now: $999.98

The Ninebot Max G2 is an incredibly reliable and performant commuter scooter. It features self-healing tires, 29.8 miles tested range and a top speed of 22.4 MPH - all in a 53.5 lbs package. We've never seen it below $999, so now is the time if you want one of the best scooters of 2023.

Get Best Deal Read Review

fluid CityRider

Now: $399Was: $599-33%

The CityRider may just be the cheapest scooter ever to have turn signals. At 31 lbs, it is ultra-portable but doesn't skimp on power with a 17.9 MPH tested maximum speed and 16.9 miles of range.

Get Best Deal Read Review

Apollo Phantom V3

Now: $2199Was: $2599-15%

If you're looking for a beastly dual-motor scooter, Apollo has you covered. The monstrously impressive Phantom V3 offers the best riding experience we have ever tested, and this is the first time we see it under $2K. It clocked 41.2 MPH and 32.4 miles of range in our tests.

Get Best Deal Read Review

NIU KQi2 Pro

Now: $509.98Was: $599-14%

Tested and confirmed, the NIU KQi2 Pro excels as a reliable commuter scooter. It offers a measured range of 19.8 miles and a top speed of 17.3 MPH. Weighing 40.6 lbs, it combines portability with a stable, enjoyable ride. Its build quality, smart app features, and minimalistic design add to its appeal, making it a value-packed choice for everyday commuting.

Get Best Deal Read Review

TurboAnt V8

Now: $549.98Was: $799.98-31%

The Turboant V8 offers an impressive balance of range and ride quality. With a top speed of 19.41 MPH and a range of 21.3 miles confirmed through our hands-on testing, it stands out in its category. Although its 47.6 lbs weight and motor performance are areas for improvement, features like its dual-spring suspension, quick-swap battery, and IP54 weather resistance add significant value.

Get Best Deal Read Review

Apollo City

Now: $1749Was: $1849-5%

The City Pro is an extremely capable dual-motor scooter. With emphasize on ride quality and safety features, it shines above the competition. It weighs 65 lbs, has a GPS verified top speed of 32.3 MPH and 29.8 miles of range in normal riding conditions.

Get Best Deal Read Review

Varla Pegasus

Now: $899Was: $1299-30%

The Varla Pegasus brings a lot of value to the table. Although fairly heavy at 66 lbs, it offers ample dual-motor performance on a tight budget. It also comes with a chain lock and extra brake pads. We clocked a top speed of 27.75 MPH in our test and got 18.3 miles of range.

Get Best Deal Read Review

NIU KQi3 Max

Now: $699.98Was: $999-29%

NIU gets a lot of praise on this list and for good reason. The Max stands as a safe yet powerful flagship in the commuting category. It has some of the best handling and acceleration we have tested in its class, and overall we see it as a cheaper alternative to the Max G2. Scores 23 MPH and 31.1 miles of range in our tests.

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All Deals By Brand

Explore all Black Friday deals below. Click on a brand to see their sale.

• Apollo
• Dualtron
• Fluid
• Gotrax
• Hiboy
• NIU
• Segway (Ninebot)

Apollo Scooters

Apollo Air

Now: $949Was: $1049-9%

Incl. free phone holder, super toolkit and $100 accessories

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Apollo City

Now: $1749Was: $1849-5%

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Apollo Ghost

Incl. $100 in free accessories

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Apollo Phantom V3

Now: $2199Was: $2599-15%

Incl. free Phantom toolkit and $100 accessories

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Apollo Pro

Now: $3299Was: $3799-13%

Incl. free fast charger, toolkit and $100 accessories

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Dualtron

Dualtron Achilleus

Now: $2399

15% off with code "BF23"

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Dualtron Storm Limited

Now: $3795

15% off with code "BF23"

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Dualtron Spider 2

15% off with code "BF23"

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Fluid FreeRide

fluid CityRider

Now: $399Was: $599-33%

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fluid Horizon (13Ah)

Now: $829Was: $979-15%

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fluid Mosquito

Now: $799Was: $1099-27%

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fluid Vista

Now: $1199Was: $1499-20%

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Gotrax

Gotrax G4

Now: $569

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Gotrax G5

Now: $599Was: $699-14%

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Gotrax G6

Now: $549Was: $799-31%

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Gotrax GX1

Now: $1199Was: $1499-20%

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Gotrax GX2

Now: $1399Was: $1799-22%

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Gotrax GX3

Now: $1999Was: $2199-9%

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Hiboy

Hiboy S2 Lite

Now: $279.99

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Hiboy S2

Now: $299.99

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Hiboy S2 Pro

Now: $399.99

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Hiboy S2 Max

Now: $499.99

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Hiboy Max Pro

Now: $659.99Was: $799.99-17%

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Hiboy S2R Plus

Now: $399.99Was: $499.99-20%

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NIU

NIU KQi Youth+

Now: $209.98Was: $299-29%

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NIU KQi1 Pro

Now: $324.98

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NIU KQi2 Pro

Now: $509.98Was: $599-14%

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NIU KQi3 Sport

Now: $599.98Was: $699-14%

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NIU KQi3 Pro

Now: $569.85Was: $799-28%

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NIU KQi3 Max

Now: $699.98Was: $999-29%

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NIU KQi Air

Now: $1099Was: $1399-21%

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NIU KQi Air X

Now: $1399Was: $1799-22%

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Segway (Ninebot)

Segway Ninebot ZING C8

Now: $129.99Was: $249.99-48%

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Segway Ninebot ZING E8

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Segway Ninebot ZING C10

Now: $169.99Was: $299.99-43%

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Segway Ninebot ZING E10

Now: $299.99

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Segway Ninebot ES1L

Now: $299.99Was: $399.99-25%

Extra $105 off with "ESAM105"

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Segway Ninebot E22

Now: $629.99

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Segway Ninebot D28U

Now: $299.98Was: $769.99-61%

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Segway Ninebot ES2

Now: $349.99Was: $399.99-12%

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Segway Ninebot ES4

Now: $599.99Was: $699.99-14%

+ Get a free helmet

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Segway Ninebot F25

Now: $299.99Was: $569.99-47%

Extra $130 off with code "F25AM130"

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Segway Ninebot F35

Now: $679.99

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Segway Ninebot F40

Now: $599.99

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Segway Ninebot E2

Now: $279.98Was: $369.99-24%

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Segway Ninebot E2 Plus

Now: $349.99Was: $399.99-12%

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Segway Ninebot Max G30LP

Now: $499.98Was: $559.98-10%

Extra $210 off with code "G30LP"

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Segway Ninebot Max G30P

Now: $649.99Was: $949.99-31%

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Segway Ninebot Max G2

Now: $999.98

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Segway Ninebot E45

Now: $859.99

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Segway Ninebot F2 Pro

Now: $599.99Was: $799.99-25%

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Segway Ninebot P65

Now: $1499.99

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Segway Ninebot P100S

Now: $1999.99

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Segway GT1

Now: $1499.98Was: $2799.99-46%

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Segway GT2

Now: $2499.99Was: $3999.99-37%

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FAQs

When will Black Friday deals go live?

Although Black Friday officially falls on November 24th, many electric scooter deals are already active. Retailers and brands have launched early sales, giving you plenty of time to thoroughly research and identify the scooter that best fits your budget and needs well ahead of making your purchase this year.

Who has the best Black Friday deals on electric scooters?

Our advanced system tracks prices every 24 hours and updates our list accordingly. Below are the retailers with the best deals in the US, UK, and Europe.

For US residents, the best deals can be found at:

• Amazon: Has the most comprehensive variety with more than 100 scooters and up to 50% off
• Target: A wide range of options, particularly for kids
• Best Buy: Carries popular brands, including Navee, Unagi, Inokim, Jetson and OKAI
• FluidFreeRide: The biggest scooter-specific retailer in North America. Carries Apollo, Kaabo, Nami and more
• Voro Motors: Has many high-performance models. The Largest distributor of Emove and also has great discounts on Dualtron

For UK and EU consumers, the best sales are at:

• Amazon: Also has the widest selection of brands in the United Kingdom. Does not have high-performance models
• PET UK: Save up to $500 on e-scooters
• Beyond PEV: Trusted distributor of Emove, Apollo, Kaabo, Nami, Dualtron and more
• Ride+Glide: Vetted PEV seller with up to 25% discount

What kind of discounts can I expect?

You're in luck this Black Friday, as many electric scooters offer substantial discounts. Reputable sellers generally offer 10-20% off on specific models. Some brands even offer larger discounts when purchasing multiple scooters. Additionally, you might find rare deals offering up to 75% off, often on models being phased out soon.

How long do electric Scooter Black Friday deals typically last?

Most deals expire the day after Black Friday or Cyber Monday. However, following the market for years, we've seen a tendency for several brands to continue their sale further into the holiday season. However, If you want to ensure you make a good deal, shop on or before Black Friday.

Are Black Friday deals only available online or also in physical stores?

The sale also happens in physical stores. However, it is easier to establish an overview, compare, and research online, and many of the top models aren't available in physical stores.

If you prefer to shop in a physical store, we recommend checking out Target, Walmart, and Best Buy, as they all sell scooters and may have a good deal.

Since 2019, I've used dozens of electric scooters and several electric bikes for my daily commute. This has given me a good understanding of what's good and not so good about each.

In this guide, I'll compare both based on the following criteria:

1. Cost
2. Convenience
3. Speed & Range
4. Safety
5. Regulatory & Legal Aspects
6. Maintenance & Repairs

Key Takeaways

• Electric scooters are more affordable and more portable. Maintenance is typically cheaper, but finding professional repair shops is more difficult.
• Electric bikes are more intuitive and safer to use for new riders. They're also legal in more locations than e-scooters.
• Whether you're looking for something basic or high-performance, both e-bikes and e-scooters offer a range of choices to suit your speed and range requirements.

1. Cost

Electric scooters are typically more cost-effective compared to electric bikes. You can find reliable commuter electric scooters from reputable brands in the price range of $500 to $1,000. The priciest high-end scooters top out at around $4,000.

Electric bikes from reputable brands are rarely seen under $1,000. Most entry-level models start around $1,500, while specialty and cargo electric bikes quickly cost $2,000 - $3,000. High-end carbon fiber or e-MTB models can cost anywhere between $5,000 - $10,000.

Electric scooters usually have lower maintenance costs compared to electric bikes because they're simpler and have fewer parts to take care of. But remember, the total maintenance cost depends on how often you use it and if you need repairs or battery replacements.

Winner: Electric scooter

2. Convenience

There's no denying that e-bikes and e-scooters are highly convenient—they let you breeze through traffic and skip public transportation schedules. However, there are significant differences between the two.

Convenience can be divided into three categories:

1. Portability
2. Accessibility
3. Versatility

Portability

Electric scooters shine brighter than electric bikes in terms of portability. They are typically much lighter, easier to fold, and take up less space.

This makes them ideal for commuters who often need to switch between modes of transport or store their vehicle in cramped spaces.

It should be said that there are folding electric bike options, but they typically fall within the gimmicky, low-built-quality category.

Accessibility

In terms of accessibility, both categories have their advantages.

According to a 2022 Ipsos survey spanning 28 countries, almost two-thirds (63%) of adults say they know how to ride a conventional bike. Since the pedaling mechanism and bike frame are already familiar, riding an e-bike would likely come naturally to most adults who haven't tried either before.

On the other hand, electric scooters offer the advantage of being quicker and more convenient to hop on and off, making them a better option for short trips and navigating busy urban areas.

Parking is also less of a hassle with e-scooters, as they can be securely locked in smaller spaces or even brought indoors when needed.

Versatility

In terms of suitability for various terrains and environments, electric bikes have the upper hand. Their larger wheels make them well-suited for riding on uneven roads, trails, or even off-road. It's important to choose the right e-bike for the specific terrain, but they tend to be more versatile in this regard.

The only thing that speaks in favor of e-scooters as far as versatility goes is their compact size. This allows them to sweep through tight urban settings where maneuverability is advantageous.

Winner: Electric scooter

3. Speed & Range

Top speed and range are two of the most crucial factors to consider when choosing a personal electric vehicle. Your ride begins and ends with its electric motor and battery performance.

Top Speed

Whereas price increases on electric scooters are typically warranted in higher performance numbers, electric bikes focus more on features and construction components.

This difference makes logical sense as most US states have adopted a tiered classification system that limits top speed.

The tiered e-bike class system is as follows:

• Class 1 (Pedal assist, no throttle, 20 MPH)
• Class 2 (Pedal assist, throttle, 20 MPH)
• Class 3 (Pedal assist, no throttle, 28 MPH)

Almost any major electric scooter retailer worldwide (e.g., Amazon and Best Buy) lets you buy unregulated electric scooters with much higher top speeds.

If you're selecting a personal electric vehicle for your daily commute in urban areas, you probably won't need to go faster than 28 MPH. However, if you're seeking something for exciting recreational rides, electric scooters might be the better choice.

Range

E-bikes generally have a better range relative to battery capacity. They're more energy-efficient as they integrate propulsion with the rider's pedaling.

It's worth noting that this efficiency might not apply to Class 2 e-bikes if you exclusively use the throttle without pedaling.

Keep in mind that range is greatly influenced by factors such as rider weight, terrain, battery efficiency, and tire pressure.

Winner: Electric bikes

4. Safety

The public perception associates electric rides with poor safety and a higher risk of injury. However, several studies challenge that view.

Electric Bike Safety

A 2020 study in the Journal of Transport & Health, analyzing over 4,000 riders, found that e-bike and conventional bike crashes are equally likely and severe, indicating no extra risk for e-bike riders.

A 2014 survey of 553 North American e-bikers shows riders feel safer on e-bikes than on traditional bikes. It also found e-bikes encourage more frequent biking, longer trips, and more cargo carrying. Additionally, e-bikes enable those with physical limitations or distant destinations to bike using pedal assist.

The benefits seem to go beyond safety and convenience. A pilot study from 2018 suggests that e-bikes are capable of providing much of the same cardiovascular health benefits as conventional cycling. Another positive found in the study is decreased transportation time, more convenience, and less physical fatigue.

The statistics point in favor of electric bikes being a safe and beneficial commuting option. From a technical standpoint, it makes a lot of sense. E-bikes aren't that different from traditional ones. They're built on the same versatile foundation that has made bicycles the 3rd most popular commuting vehicle in the US. Everything from frame geometry and wheel design to aerodynamics and adjustability ensures a reliable ride - the only addition is the electric drivetrain that helps riders get from A to B.

From my personal experience commuting on an e-bike daily for several months, e-bikes are as safe to ride as conventional bikes once you get the hang of it.

Electric Scooter Safety

Although scientific studies are scarce, an experimental comparison between e-kick scooters and e-bikes sheds some insight on the topic.

The article found that vibration magnitudes measured on e-scooters were higher than those measured on e-bikes. The difference was more pronounced as the electric scooter was subjected to rougher road conditions.

This hints that electric scooters are generally less comfortable and safe to ride than e-bikes. The reason behind this is that e-scooters have smaller, less forgiving wheels.

However, it isn't all bad. Another study analyzed vibrations on e-scooters with different wheel sizes.

"The comparative results suggest that e-scooters with larger wheels can efficiently alleviate vibrations during a ride compared with those with smaller wheels. To improve riding experience and safety, it is beneficial to use larger-wheel e-scooters, given other similar riding conditions."

Source: Transportation Research Record

These findings align with my personal experience testing dozens of electric scooter models. Small, solid tires and narrow handlebars feel unsafe, but scooters with large air tires and additional suspension instantly feel a lot more comfortable and safe to ride.

Winner: Electric bike

5. Regulatory & Legal Aspects

The laws governing electric scooters and e-bikes vary from location to location. It is tough to make a direct comparison, but you must familiarize yourself with regulations in your area before making a buying decision.

There isn't a single comprehensive source for electric scooter laws, so it's best to search "electric scooter laws [your area]" on Google for the latest updates.

Based on a general overview of current laws, electric scooters appear to face more stringent laws compared to electric bikes in the US. This includes licensing, age restrictions, maximum speed limits, weight limits, and street usage.

Winner: Electric bike

6. Maintenance & Repairs

Electric bicycles typically require more maintenance than electric scooters as they have more moving parts.

Most intermediate electric bikes use mid-drive motors, which means they have gears and a chain like regular bikes. This electric motor setup requires more maintenance than a hub motor setup, which is most common on electric scooters.

Getting a professional repair is different. The e-bike market is larger and has more retailers and service centers. Regular bicycle shops often also do repairs on e-bikes.

This also goes for getting spare parts. With a broader industry, replacement parts are more widely accessible. This can mean cheaper and quicker repairs overall, although it depends on the scope of the issue at hand.

Winner: Electric scooter

FAQ

What are the main differences between e-scooters and e-bikes?

Most electric scooters are smaller and more portable. With fewer moving parts, they also require less maintenance. Electric bicycles are typically heavier but are safer, more intuitive, and excel on longer trips.

Which one is more eco-friendly: An electric scooter vs electric bike?

Both electric scooters and electric bikes are eco-friendly compared to gas-powered vehicles.

However, electric bicycles may have an edge as they incorporate pedaling, which promotes physical activity and decreases battery consumption.

Which one is better for commuting?

Most electric bikes are better for longer commutes as they're more comfortable over longer distances and use less battery when you use pedal assist.

The average electric scooter is superior for shorter commutes due to its portability and ease of use in crowded urban areas.

Can I use bike lanes with both electric scooters and electric bikes?

Both electric scooters and electric bikes can use bike lanes in many areas, but local laws vary. Check the specific regulations in your area to know where you can ride safely and legally.

Which one is easier to store and transport?

An e-scooter is generally easier to store and transport due to its compactness and lighter weight. E-bikes are larger and require more space for storage.

Which one provides a better workout?

Electric bikes provide a better workout, given you use the pedal assist. When using pedal assist, you engage the same muscle groups as on a traditional bicycle. This gives a light workout for your lower body. As electric scooters are purely throttle-controlled, there is minimal exercise involved.

There are currently government trials for e-scooters that may change the UK law surrounding their use, but until the law actually changes, you should know the ins and outs of using an electric scooter without violating current legislation.

Regulations and Restrictions for Electric Scooters

In the UK, it's currently illegal to use a privately owned e-scooter on a public road, pavement, or in cycle lanes. E-scooters lack certain features like rear lights and number plates, which means they don't comply with the current traffic laws.

But why do they need to comply with traffic laws? Well, electric scooters are classified as 'powered transporters,' and they fall under the legal definition of a motor vehicle. So, in the same way that motor vehicles need to be roadworthy and meet specific criteria to be allowed on the roads, electric scooters need to meet the same criteria.

This creates a problem because e-scooters don't have the same safety measures or features as cars, which means that you can't use them in the same way.

Since they can't be treated in the same way as cars but fall into the same category as motor vehicles, legality has become a pain point. This is especially relevant if you have a privately owned electric scooter collecting dust in your garage.

Electric Scooter Trial

In response to the need to redefine the use of e-scooters on public roads and in other public places, the UK Government allowed the use of rental scooters. However, these e-scooters can only be used in specific electric scooter trial areas.

The e-scooter trials were initially created to assess the safety and overall feasibility of legalising electric scooters for personal use. As a result, rental scooters from these trials can be used on roads and in cycle lanes - only in the trial areas. However, it is still illegal to ride them on motorways and pavements, limiting the use of rental e-scooters.

Safety rules

According to the official E-scooter Trials: Guidance for Users document outlined by the UK Government, residents who participate in these trials are still required to follow safety rules and regulations.

For example, participants in these trials must have a valid driving licence that doesn't restrict them from driving low-speed vehicles (including mopeds or motorcycles).

Additionally, the safety rules for participants currently include:

• Only one person is allowed on the e-scooter; you're not allowed to carry passengers.
• Using a mobile phone while riding an e-scooter is prohibited.
• Riding an e-scooter while drunk or otherwise intoxicated is prohibited.
• Luggage or bags must be carried safely.
• The electric scooter may only be used in the trial areas.
• An e-scooter may not be used for towing.
• You must comply with the rental operator's terms of use.

At the end of the trial, the government will use the data to consider treating e-scooters like electric bikes (which fall under a different classification and are legal to use).

If a new law passes to allow the use of e-scooters, they will be given the same restrictions as electric bikes. These restrictions include a maximum speed of 15.5 miles per hour (25 km/h) and specific technical standards.

Where Can You Ride Electric Scooters Legally?

As part of the UK's electric scooter trials, you can use an e-scooter on public roads and in bicycle lanes, but nowhere else.

Additionally, you can only use the electric scooters in designated trial areas. If you aren't participating in the trial but still own an electric scooter, there are other areas in which you can still legally ride it under the current legislation.

You can use a privately owned scooter on private property, including privately owned land and certain properties where the public doesn't have access to. But there's still a catch - you can only use your e-scooter on private land if you have the property owner's permission.

Without express permission, you may still be at risk of penalties for riding your electric scooter illegally.

Penalties and Enforcement

Whether using a rental e-scooter or your own, you must pay attention to the laws, rules, and regulations. Otherwise, you may face a potential penalty for illegal use of an e-scooter.

1. If you're caught using an electric scooter on public roads (barring rental scooters in trial areas), or on pavements, you can face the following penalties:
   • A £300 fixed penalty fine
   • Six penalty points against your driving licence
   • Your electric scooter may be impounded
2. If you don't have the necessary driving licence (category Q entitlement) for using an e-scooter, you could receive a fine of £100.
3. Riding through a red light on an electric scooter could lead to penalty points and/or a £100 fine.
4. Using a mobile phone while on an e-scooter can result in six penalty points and a £200 fine.
5. If you ride an electric scooter under the influence, you may be arrested or receive a driving ban or a heavy fine.
6. Using an e-scooter in an anti-social manner in public areas could lead to it being seized under Section 59 of the Police Reform Act.

FAQ

Why are electric scooters illegal in the UK but not electric bikes?

Under current UK law, electric scooters are classified as personal light electric vehicles (PLEVs). These PLEVs are different from electric bikes because they don't have pedals or meet the criteria to be put into the same category as e-bikes.

On the other hand, e-bikes are classified as electrically assisted pedal cycles (EAPCs), meaning they have a different set of rules. E-bikes are legal because they meet specific rules outlined by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency.

Where are the UK's e-scooter trials?

Currently, the UK's trials for electric scooters are taking place in these areas:

• Bournemouth and Poole
• Buckinghamshire (Aylesbury, High Wycombe and Princes Risborough)
• Cambridge
• Cheshire West and Chester (Chester)
• Derby
• Essex (Basildon, Braintree, Chelmsford and Colchester)
• Gloucestershire (Cheltenham and Gloucester)
• Great Yarmouth
• Liverpool
• London (participating boroughs)
• Milton Keynes
• Newcastle
• North and West Northamptonshire (Northampton, Kettering, Corby and Wellingborough)
• North Devon
• Norwich
• Nottingham
• Oxfordshire (Oxford)
• Salford
• Solent (Isle of Wight, Portsmouth and Southampton)
• Somerset (Taunton, Minehead and Yeovil)
• Tees Valley (Hartlepool and Middlesbrough)
• West Midlands (Birmingham)
• West of England Combined Authority (Bristol and Bath)
• York

Are there specific age restrictions for using an electric scooter in the UK?

In the UK, you can only use an electric scooter on public roads and cycle lanes (as part of the scooter trials) if you are over the age of 16. You can also only use your electric scooter if you have a valid moped driving licence.

For children and others who don't meet these requirements, e-scooters can only be used on private property and not in public spaces.

Do you need a helmet to ride an electric scooter in the UK?

The UK government recommends you use a cycle helmet when riding an electric scooter. However, it is not a legal requirement at this point.

Final Thoughts

Although private e-scooters are legal to own in the UK, they have some restrictions. Currently, they can't be used on public roads because they do not meet the necessary criteria under their motor vehicle classification. However, there are some areas where you can use a trial e-scooter under strict guidelines.

The future for electric scooters may be a little brighter, though, if the legislation to classify them under the same criteria as e-bikes is passed. Until then, you can enjoy using your electric scooter on private land or rent a scooter from a verified e-scooter rental operator.